White Collar Crime in America Essay examples - 517 Words

We like every other person in this world, when we hear the word crime; we automatically get an image of a person from a low class in a bad neighborhood and coming from a troubled family. However, who knew that those who are educated and coming from a wealthy family can also pertain to the world of crime and mischief. We as human beings tend to also be judgmental, assuming that only unprivileged men have a drive to commit an offense against the law then a prosperous individual. Nevertheless, it is not our evil doing that we are regularly pushed to foresee this problem this way, especially not when it is the media, the government, and the media are the ones who painting this picture for us. In this universe we are surrounded by none ending†¦show more content†¦The one that is focused on more then any others in the world of crime is street crime. According to the FBI’s index of offenses, some street crimes include burglary, larceny, auto theft, robbery, rape, assault, an d murder. To many the particular are called to be the whole of crime, or the main people, for the reason that these wrongdoings are habitually the ones that are sent to court or prison. Within street crime there are two types of convicts, habitual offenders and one-time-only criminals. A habitual offender is described as a person who continues their crimes and the majorities who are arrested are repeaters. Other type the one-time-only are those who commit a crime accidental or incidental and who people believe should not be disciplined harshly. A more high class crime is known as the White collar crime. This crime includes embezzlement, bankruptcy fraud, swindles, tax evasion, and theft of property by computer, passing bad checks, copying movies or music, and fraudulent use of credit cards. White collar crimes are informed to be expensive and extensive. When these wrongdoers are caught it’s amazing to see how lenient the U.S. society is with them when they are captured. Hone stly, I believe both street crime and white collar crime are both very problematic in our society. The reason being, both these crimes are affecting our society in a bad way. It is likeShow MoreRelatedEssay on White Collar Crimes in America3039 Words   |  13 Pages Throughout history there have been many white collar crimes. These crimes are defined as non-violent and financial-based crimes that are full ranges of fraud committed by business and government professionals. These crimes are not victimless nor unnoticed. A single scandal can destroy a company and can lose investors millions of dollars. Today, fraud schemes are more sophisticated than ever, and through studying: Enron, LIBOR, Albert Wiggan and Chase National Bank, Lehman BrothersRead MoreEssay about White Collar Crime vs. Street Crime665 Words   |  3 PagesWhite Collar Crime vs. Street Crime One problem that plagues our society is crime. Crime is all around us in our everyday lives. Daily we hear of murders, robberies, and rapes. These are categorized as street crimes. For many people, such crimes are the only tragic crimes, the ones that are senseless and preventable. In Finsterbuschs book, Taking Sides, another variety of crime is exposed. This other form of crime is white collar crime. Both have victims, and the effects of bothRead MoreCriminal Theories On White Collar Crime962 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were discussed in the reading. In a page or two, explain which theories best explain white collar crime. The Strain Theory does a suitable but not a great job of explaining white collar crime. Therefore, in the Strain Theory it talks about the contextual anomie/ strain theory. while examining this theory, I discovered it to be the most compelling in our constant battle with white collar and corporate crimes. Ever, since the beginning of recorded history man/woman has tried to achieve a betterRead MoreWhite Collar Crime941 Words   |  4 PagesA present day study of the term white collar crime, is as controversial as it is general. If you log onto the F.B.I. website to see a host of crimes ranging from health care fraud to computer fraud. (www.fbi.gov) Criminologists, with a focus on the law, contend that many of the behaviors society believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Without a statute to define a behavior as a criminal violation of law, behaviors could be labeled by individual standards rather than inRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1083 W ords   |  5 PagesWhite-collar crimes are just as prevalent today as ordinary street crimes. Studies show that criminal acts committed by white-collar criminals continue to increase due to unforeseen opportunities presented in the corporate world, but these crimes are often overlooked or minimally publicized in reference to criminal acts on the street. Many street crimes are viewed as unnecessary, horrendous crimes because they are committed by lower class citizens, whereas white collar crimes are illegal acts committedRead MorePrisoners Rights954 Words   |  4 PagesSociety Tiffany Horvath SOC 305: Crime and Society Instructor: Efua Akoma October 28, 2013 If you asked 100 random people to describe a criminal, they would describe someone uneducated, in and out of the justice system, a minority or just a basic street criminal. â€Å"National surveys suggest that when Americans think about crime, they see the face of a black jobless high-school dropout from a broken home† (Society, 2013). â€Å"Federal researchers found, for example, that many prisonersRead MoreEssay about The Invincible Criminal1400 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Commission estimated that the annual cost of white-collar crime is between $130 billion and $472 billion, seven to twenty-five times greater than the cost of conventional or street crime (Conklin, 2010, P. 71). White-collar crime in America is considered larceny committed by the wealthy, respected, and legitimate enterprise which is not set up or intended to go out of business like an ordinary fraud or con game. White-collar crime offenses may involve forgery, embezzlement, or fraud inv olvingRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1431 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes are one of the many things that all humans have in common. Whether it be a serious crime or not, everyone can commit a crime and go to jail for it. There are two types of crime that can be considered complete opposites of each other. They are white collar crimes and street crimes. White collar crimes are considered nonviolent crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation such as fraud, embezzlement, or bribery. On the other hand,Read MorePolice Corruption968 Words   |  4 Pagesseriousness about the issue of white-collar crime. What is white-collar crime you may ask. White-collar is defined as, ‘a generic term for crimes involving commercial fraud, cheating consumers, swindles, insider trading on the stock market, embezzlement and other forms of dishonest business schemes. The term comes from the out of date assumption that busine ss executives wear white shirts and ties. It also theoretically distinguishes these crimes and criminals from physical crimes, supposedly likely to beRead MoreWhite Collar And Organized Crime Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and Organized

Hubble Space Telescope Essay - 1737 Words

According to a newsletter sent out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the purpose of the Hubble Space Telescope was, and is, to gather light from cosmic objects so scientists can better understand the universe around us. Up until the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope, all telescopes were Earth based and had the disadvantage of having to peer at the stars through the Earth’s atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere provides a large amount of distortion when viewing very far objects, like space, through a telescope. Placing a telescope in space eliminates the distortion and provides images that are significantly clearer and in turn, easier to examine. The Hubble Space Telescopes six different science instruments†¦show more content†¦The fourth important instrument is the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer, which is basically Hubble’s heat reader. It is very sensitive to infrared light which makes it useful for ob serving objects tainted by gases and dust. It is also used to peer into the deepest parts of space. The fifth important instrument is the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, which is a utility instrument that separates the light from the cosmos into its component colors. It is also used to study black holes, the composition of galaxies, and the atmosphere of planets around all stars. The sixth and final important instrument is called the Fine Guidance Sensors, which target devices that lock on to â€Å"guide stars† and measure their positions in relation to the objects being viewed. The sensors also perform celestial measurements. The Hubble Space Telescope is powered by solar cells which are solid-state electrical devices that convert the energy of light directly into electricity by an effect called the Photovoltaic effect. When many solar cells are put together they are called solar modules which can also capture energy from sunlight. When many modules are placed together it is called a solar panel. Hubble had many problems finding funding for the telescope. The U.S. Congress questioned the proposed original budget, as it wasShow MoreRelatedHubble Space Telescope3251 Words   |  14 PagesHubble Space Telescope The telescope would become the indispensable instrument for investigations of the cosmos. Bigger and better telescopes were built all over the world. Planets, stars, and nebulae which could not be seen by the naked eye were now being routinely noted and logged. Such is the case with the fantastic discoveries for which the Hubble Space Telescope has been responsible during the twentieth century. Had it not been for the creation of such a monumental piece of scientific machineryRead MoreA Window to the Universe Ever since the first civilizations began naming the dots in the sky,800 Words   |  4 Pagesfascinated by the cosmos and how they work. Telescopes were invented so that people could better view the stars and planets. Eventually, someone had the grand idea to launch one into space. It was named after the famous astronomer Edwin Hubble. Despite the trouble it has given engineers and astronauts since its launch, the Hubble space telescope has led to dozens of scientific breakthroughs and has changed the way humankind sees the universe. The telescope is the culmination of ten years of hard workRead MoreThe Physics Of Astronomy And Astronomy1193 Words   |  5 Pagesinstruments. One of the instruments would be telescopes. There are many different telescopes used in astronomy, most of which are massive, and have special qualities. Although they all have great features and are well working instruments, they need innovations sometimes. Over the years they have discovered mind boggling objects, and they are still looking. Telescopes have evolved, and helped astronomers, in many ways since the first telescope was built. This telescope was built with just two lenses, and aRead MoreThe Development Of Telescope1641 Words   |  7 Pagesuniverse is from observation. From simple optical telescopes to radio telescopes and high-energy telescopes, people constantly improve observational technologies to make more discoveries. This scientific development reached its climax as people launched a revolutionary telescope above the a tmosphere for a better quality of image. These revolutionary changes in observational technology help this universe be more comprehensive to human. The first telescope-like device appeared in 1608 when a lens-makerRead More Revolution in Cosmology Resolves Dispute over Universes Age1430 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution in Cosmology Resolves Dispute over Universes Age Just under seven years ago, astronomers using the Hubble space telescope presented results they hoped would help answer one of the most contentious issues in astronomy of the 20th century – the question of the distance scale of the universe. But there was some unease when the result was announced. According to the report, other galaxies were close enough that, extrapolating backwards from their current rate of recession and making adjustmentsRead MoreAmerican in the 90s Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesThe era of the 1990’s was an explosive time in American history both figuratively and literally. In the 90’s there was an extreme variety of different failures and also advances in technology. We as a nation had new advancements in space travel, our military and the way of life preparing for the turn of the century. As a country we didn’t know what the new millennium had to bring for us, but we were ready. Most significantly changing America though was from ou r creativeness that took place, the fearRead MoreEssay How was the Universe Created? The Big Bang Theory652 Words   |  3 Pagesexplosion of space within itself unlike a normal explosion of a bomb were fragments are thrown outward. The Big Bang then began laying the foundations for the universe. The first stars form 100-200 million years after the Big Bang, and reionized the Universe. After that, the first supernova exploded and spread nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, carbon, and iron through uranium throughout the Universe. A supernova is a the explosion of a star, it is the largest explosion which takes place in space, radiatingRead More Edwin Hubble Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pages Edwin Powell Hubble: Great Astronomer of the 19th Century Twinkle, twinkle little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky (Gardner 98). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stars are a marvelous wonder to many people, that is why some people spend most of their lives wondering what is â€Å"above the world so high† (Gardner 98). These people study and map the little twinkling stars in order to get a better meaning of them; they are astronomers. Great astronomersRead MoreEssay on Hubble Telescope1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hubble Space Telescope is one of the most amazing machines in orbit right now. In 1946, an astrophysicist named Dr. Lyman Spitzer proposed that a telescope in space would reveal better and clearer images that are even far from earth than any ground telescope. This idea was very extravagant because no one had yet launched a rocket into outer space. As the US space program excelled quickly over the early years, Spitzer lobbied NASA and Congress to develop a space telescope. In 1975, the EuropeanRead MoreThe Hubble Telescope and Its Discoveries Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesHubble Space Telescope an d Significant Discoveries Funding was approved in 1977 for a Large Space Telescope in 1977 and in 1983 it was renamed Hubble Space Telescope in honor of astronomer Edwin P. Hubble who discovered evidence of an expanding universe and the existence of other galaxies. Work was completed in 1985 and it was launched and deployed from the Space Shuttle Discovery in April of 1990, 350 miles above earth. Since its deployment, there have been five services, each service to perform

Business Finance Stock Prices and Exchange Rates

Question: Discuss about the Business Finance for Stock Prices and Exchange Rates. Answer: This paper aims at giving a complete overview of how to choose the best investment from more than one company. In this paper, the focus is on Woodside Petroleum Limited and Wesfarmers Limited. These two companies listed in the Australian Forex have been studied using ratios and past information documented on them. Description, Core Activities, and Markets. Woodside Petroleum is an oil and gas company based in Australia. Woodside is Australias largest independent oil and gas company. It operates five floating oil production, storage, and offloading (FPSO)vessels, the largest owner-operated fleet in Australia. The company has more than 60 years of experience and its partners have great confidence in them (Hoque, Islam, Azam, 2013). Wesfarmers is a company in Australia that deals with several business operations with a wide range of operations from home improvement to supermarkets, convenience stores, hotels, and liquor. The company headquarters is situated in Western Australia. Originally, back in 1914 it was branded as Western Australia Farmers co-operative. As mentioned earlier their areas of operations are broad and wide. People Involved in Firms Governance. Woodside Petroleum Chairperson Michael A Chaney Board Members- Melinda A Cilento Frank C Cooper Christopher M Haynes David I McEvoy Ann Pickard Sarah Ryan CEO-Peter J Coleman Woodside is a non-family company (TUZCU, 2004). This is because people involved in the governance (Directors, Chairman and CEO) have less than 20% shareholding. Royal Dutch shell plc. Is the biggest shareholder and owns 13.3% of the company. It is also the only shareholder with ownership of more than 5% shares (Calder, 2008). Wesfarmers Chairperson Michael Chaney AO Finance Director Terry Bowen Board Members - Paul Bassat Tony Howarth James Graham AM Wayne Osborn Jeniffer Westacott Venessa Wallace CEO- Richard Goyder AO Wesfarmers is non-family business. There no individual neither organization with more than 5% shareholding. The organization with the highest shares is Vanguard with 0.19% in the stock exchange ratings. None of the governors with more than 1% shareholdings in the company (Calder, 2008). Key Ratios both companies Woodside Petroleum Return on Assets = NPAT/Total Assets sum present asset plus Net PPE plus Intangibles plus Other Long- term asset (Alexander Nogueira, 2007). = 1070.1942029 + 21661.766667 + 0 + 882.73768 =$23,615million in US currency NPAT =$ 26million US currency Answer = 26/23.6 = 1.101695 Return on Owners Equity = NPAT/OWNERS EQUITY 14.1099036232 = Owners Equity 26 = NPAT Answer 26/14.1099 = 1.842678 Gearing Ratios = Total Liabilities/ Total Assets T.A = 23.615 T.L = 9.53455 Answer = 9.54555/23.615 = 0.4042 Wesfarmers Return on Assets = NPAT/Total Assets sum present asset plus Net PPE plus Intangibles plus Other Long- term asset Coakley Fuertes, 2006). = 9090 + 4083+ 1931 + 1471 + 181 + 181 +460 =$ 41160 million in US currency NPAT =$ 2440million US currency Answer = 2440/41160 = 0.05928 Return on Owners Equity = NPAT/OWNERS EQUITY Owners Equity equals sum asset less sum liability 28965.7971016 = 41160 12194.2028986 NPAT = 2440 Answer 2440/28965.7971016 = 0.8423728 Gearing Ratios = Total Liabilities/ Total Assets T.A = 41160 T.L = 12194.2028986 Answer = 12194/41160 = 0.296263 For woodside the ROA is greater than the ROE meaning that the company generate more income from borrowed investement or rented assets therefore they are unable to generate from their own assets solely. For Wesfarmers the ROA is less than the ROE meaning that the company has the ability to generate revenue from their own assets and the investors are getting a value for their money since the business has little or no borrowed funds or rented assets. Preparation of graphs Wesfarmers graph Woodside petroleum limited The red line shows the market security in a given time period while the blue line shows the actual plot that we derived for the graph on ordinary shares (Groenewold Paterson, 2013). These two lines vary from time to time and initially when the blue line was below the red line, the company is more volatile since the shares are on demand and easily bought by investors (Bugeja Sinelnikov, 2012). Research via internet This study features both of the corporations. Financial variables Fiscal concepts for instance GDP development , the cost of living , joblessness degrees as well as Australias trades with the other parts worldwide almost all help to the ordinary industry setting that ASX-listed organizations function in. Changes on these kind of guidelines will most likely impact the course of the share current market since they provide signals with regards to the amount of consumers as well as organizations will tend to be prepared to invest , that might bears ramifications for organization gain(Groenewold Paterson, 2013) . Rates of interest Rates are crucial given that they get the possibility to consequence the two models in a companys income computation: earnings as well as expenses. The effect on income originates from the point that in occasions of reduced rates while borrowing cash is relatively low-priced, individuals are typically prepared to invest additional on products or services. The effect on price is simply because that organizations count on lent cash for items like acquisitions. Forex rate The Australian dollar has devoted the vast majority of the previous 2 years floating near to its own all-time top against the US monetary of US$1 .10 , attained in 2011 . One latest instance demonstrating just how the trade off price can affect a companys view was Woodside Petroleum, which provides oil as well as fuel to Asian countries. In its concluding calendar year earnings outcome for 2013 , Woodside declared that a $0 .01 decline in the worth of the Aussie dollar against the US dollar would likely raise a number of net gain US$4m (Bugeja Sinelnikov, 2012) . Code of the Company beta Wesfarmers Beta 0.82 Woodside petroleums Beta 1.20 Capital Asset Pricing Model = risk free rate + beta (expected market return risk free rate) Wesfarmers returns = 0.04 + 0.82 (0.06 0.04) = 0.04 + 0.0164 = 0.0564 Woodside Petroleum Returns = 0.04 + 1.20 (0.06 0.04) = 0.024 Yes. Both of the companies are a conservative investment due to their low risk portfolio below one (Alexander Nogueira, 2007). WACC Weighted Average Capital WCC = RE + D/V * RD * ( 1- TC) WHERE: RE = COST ON EQUITY D = MARKET DEBT VALUATION E = MARKET EQUITY VALUATION V = E+ D TC = TAX % ON CORPORATION Wesfarmers WACC =0.8741 * 6.865 + 0.1259 * 4.9707 * ( 1 33.03) = 6.428 Woodside Petroleum = 0.9943 * 13.7834 + 4.7892 * 7.3852 * ( 1 - 14.64) = 8.06 Wesfarmers costs to raise capital is lower than returns on capital, 6.95% therefore what it gets is more in returns Woodside petroleum costs to raise capital is higher than the returns on capital, 0.098%, therefore what it gets is less in returns (Jooste, 2006). A high WACC has a negative effect on the management. This because the company is generating less on their returns and it means that something is wrong. The management needs an overall spin or identification of the key departments lagging the company behind. Gearing ratios Gearing ratios = Total Liabilities / Total Assets Wesfarmers YEAR 2015 = 0.296263 YEAR 2014 = 13740/39727 = 3.366476 Wesfarmers in 2014 had a high gearing ratio it was very risky for investors to invests due to the possibility of downturns while it was able to change its fortunes in 2014 becoming a good prospect for investment initially in 2014 it was unstable however, in 2015 it is stable (Trotman, 2009). Woodside Petroleum YEAR 2015 = 0.4042 YEAR 2014 = 7.42/24.08 = 0.3081 Woodside gearing ratios relatively changed by approximately 0.1 this is a low ratio and it is good to invest in both years however year, 2015 is risky by 0.1 than 2014. Therefore, it is stable (Trotman, 2009). For Woodside from the gearing ratio of 2014 to 2015 the ratio shows that the risk to invest is higher and this is second by the directors report that indicated significant increase in their borrowing to fund their on going projects. For Wesfarmers the gearing ratio in 2014 was significantly higher than 2015 meaning the risk for investors to invest decrease. This is backed by the directors report following payment on cash creditors and major loans in the financial institutions cleared. Dividend Policy The company may choose to pay dividend after a given period or currently pay the cash dividend. It all depends on the existence of excess cash by the company (Sez Gutirrez, 2015). On the other hand where the cash is just enough for the company or inadequate they payback the cash dividend in the future but with an interest (Qiu La, n.d.). 'Letter Name, Investor Adviser, Postal Address, Client name, Title client, Postal Address, Date Dear sir/madam, Re: Investment Choice I hereby wish to advice on the best portfolio to choose for investment following my evaluation of the two companies. The gearing ratios on both of the companies in 2015 are relatively low however; Woodside has a higher ratio of 0.4042 compared to 0.296263 of Wesfarmers and therefore riskier to invest in Woodside. While WACC of Wesfarmers is superior to Woodside. Reason is that Wesfarmers are able to generate earnings from its assets since the cost of capital is lower than the return on capital by 0.53%. While Woodside has 7.95% which makes it even riskier to invest here (Jooste, 2006). Wesfarmers has a low beta of 0.82 while Woodside has a high of 1.20. In case you have cash and unwilling to hold it just buy the Wesfarmers low beta stock that will be more profitable to you in the future than the high beta stock of Woodside. Therefore, I advise you to choose Wesfarmers ltd as your choice of investment. Thank you in advance. Regards, In conclusion, the tasks done have given conclusive information of the companies based on predominantly the ratios. The Wesfarmer Company though had the last say on the best portfolio for investment Woodside Petroleum was a worthy and able competitor in the two companies tug of war on investment (Alexander Nogueira, 2007). There mere access on ratio cannot be relied upon due to the unpredictability of markets and the consumers preference may as well have drastic changes that affect shares stock. References Alexander, C. and Nogueira, L. (2007). Model-free hedge ratios and scale-invariant models. Journal of Banking Finance, 31(6), pp.1839-1861. Alexander, C. and Nogueira, L. (2007). Model-free hedge ratios and scale-invariant models. Journal of Banking Finance, 31(6), pp.1839-1861. Bugeja, M. and Sinelnikov, K. (2012). Public versus private takeovers of Australian stock exchange listed targets. Australian Journal of Management, 37(3), pp.391-414. Calder, A. (2008). Corporate governance. London: Kogan Page. Coakley, J. and Fuertes, A. (2006). Valuation ratios and price deviations from fundamentals. Journal of Banking Finance, 30(8), pp.2325-2346. Groenewold, N. and Paterson, J. (2013). Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Australia: Are Commodity Prices the Missing Link?. Australian Economic Papers, 52(3-4), pp.159-170. Hoque, M., Islam, M. and Azam, M. (2013). Board Committee Meetings and Firm Financial Performance: An Investigation of Australian Companies. International Review of Finance, 13(4), pp.503-528. Jooste, L. (2006). Cash flow ratios as a yardstick for evaluating financial performance in African businesses. Managerial Finance, 32(7), pp.569-576. Qiu, M. and La, B. (n.d.). The Capital Structure Difference Across Australian Companies. SSRN Electronic Journal. Sez, M. and Gutirrez, M. (2015). Dividend Policy with Controlling Shareholders. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 16(1). Trotman, K. (2009). TAKEOVER DEFENCES BY AUSTRALIAN COMPANIES. Accounting Finance, 21(2), pp.63-85. TUZCU, A. (2004). Corporate governance approach of Istanbul stock exchange companies. Milletleraras, pp.145-167.

Philosophy - St. Augustines Good And Evil Essays -

Philosophy - St. Augustine's Good and Evil God is the supremely good Creator of good natures, and he is also the Creator of evil. God caused the devil to be evil. God foresaw the good, which he himself would bring out of his evil. God saw this was coming when he created him to be good, so when we turned bad God had arranged of him and how he would be make use of him. God knew how everything was going to turnout; he even saw man's evil. God knew that man will one day change and he foresaw the evil in him before it happened. He created man and the evil that was coming from it. God had a place ready for this also. Nothing would have been made if God did not know it was going to be good. God is sees what is good, he knew what he was creating, and one day it will be good. Plato said that when the universe was completed, God was filled with joy. God was blessed by his creation; he had approved the structure of the universe and planed it this way. God created the universe, as it is said, with one word. God said, ?Let there be light,? and let appeared. After God had created the light, he had said, ?it was good.? The people oppose His rule are called God's enemies. They are his enemies by their will to oppose him; they are not able to hurt him. God is always unchangeable; he is without any pain in the world. They people that resist God, and God's will are evil to themselves, they are not evil to God. To God, no evil is able to hurt him. They people that don't believe him, are creating trouble for themselves, they are escaping the truth. We are able to say that though vice cannot injure the unchangeable good, it can injure nothing but good. After this is said, we are also able to say that vice cannot be in the highest good, and cannot be but in some good. Things solely good can exist, but things that are solely evil, can never exist. For those things that have an evil will, are in some way evil, but their natures are in some way good. The evil that is created by God has to have a reason behind it. He had to create the evil to some what help the good. I believe that God created evil for a reason. If God did not create evil, then how did evil come to be. There had to be a reason for evil in man. God had to have foresaw what was going to happen to the universe when he created it. The evil that God created had to be for another good reason. There has to be a reason why people get punished and why people are hurt. There also has to be a reason for all the other evils that exist in the universe. If God had planned the universe to be like the way it is, then he must have created evil for some reason.