White Collar Crime in America Essay examples - 517 Words

We like every other person in this world, when we hear the word crime; we automatically get an image of a person from a low class in a bad neighborhood and coming from a troubled family. However, who knew that those who are educated and coming from a wealthy family can also pertain to the world of crime and mischief. We as human beings tend to also be judgmental, assuming that only unprivileged men have a drive to commit an offense against the law then a prosperous individual. Nevertheless, it is not our evil doing that we are regularly pushed to foresee this problem this way, especially not when it is the media, the government, and the media are the ones who painting this picture for us. In this universe we are surrounded by none ending†¦show more content†¦The one that is focused on more then any others in the world of crime is street crime. According to the FBI’s index of offenses, some street crimes include burglary, larceny, auto theft, robbery, rape, assault, an d murder. To many the particular are called to be the whole of crime, or the main people, for the reason that these wrongdoings are habitually the ones that are sent to court or prison. Within street crime there are two types of convicts, habitual offenders and one-time-only criminals. A habitual offender is described as a person who continues their crimes and the majorities who are arrested are repeaters. Other type the one-time-only are those who commit a crime accidental or incidental and who people believe should not be disciplined harshly. A more high class crime is known as the White collar crime. This crime includes embezzlement, bankruptcy fraud, swindles, tax evasion, and theft of property by computer, passing bad checks, copying movies or music, and fraudulent use of credit cards. White collar crimes are informed to be expensive and extensive. When these wrongdoers are caught it’s amazing to see how lenient the U.S. society is with them when they are captured. Hone stly, I believe both street crime and white collar crime are both very problematic in our society. The reason being, both these crimes are affecting our society in a bad way. It is likeShow MoreRelatedEssay on White Collar Crimes in America3039 Words   |  13 Pages Throughout history there have been many white collar crimes. These crimes are defined as non-violent and financial-based crimes that are full ranges of fraud committed by business and government professionals. These crimes are not victimless nor unnoticed. A single scandal can destroy a company and can lose investors millions of dollars. Today, fraud schemes are more sophisticated than ever, and through studying: Enron, LIBOR, Albert Wiggan and Chase National Bank, Lehman BrothersRead MoreEssay about White Collar Crime vs. Street Crime665 Words   |  3 PagesWhite Collar Crime vs. Street Crime One problem that plagues our society is crime. Crime is all around us in our everyday lives. Daily we hear of murders, robberies, and rapes. These are categorized as street crimes. For many people, such crimes are the only tragic crimes, the ones that are senseless and preventable. In Finsterbuschs book, Taking Sides, another variety of crime is exposed. This other form of crime is white collar crime. Both have victims, and the effects of bothRead MoreCriminal Theories On White Collar Crime962 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were discussed in the reading. In a page or two, explain which theories best explain white collar crime. The Strain Theory does a suitable but not a great job of explaining white collar crime. Therefore, in the Strain Theory it talks about the contextual anomie/ strain theory. while examining this theory, I discovered it to be the most compelling in our constant battle with white collar and corporate crimes. Ever, since the beginning of recorded history man/woman has tried to achieve a betterRead MoreWhite Collar Crime941 Words   |  4 PagesA present day study of the term white collar crime, is as controversial as it is general. If you log onto the F.B.I. website to see a host of crimes ranging from health care fraud to computer fraud. (www.fbi.gov) Criminologists, with a focus on the law, contend that many of the behaviors society believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Without a statute to define a behavior as a criminal violation of law, behaviors could be labeled by individual standards rather than inRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1083 W ords   |  5 PagesWhite-collar crimes are just as prevalent today as ordinary street crimes. Studies show that criminal acts committed by white-collar criminals continue to increase due to unforeseen opportunities presented in the corporate world, but these crimes are often overlooked or minimally publicized in reference to criminal acts on the street. Many street crimes are viewed as unnecessary, horrendous crimes because they are committed by lower class citizens, whereas white collar crimes are illegal acts committedRead MorePrisoners Rights954 Words   |  4 PagesSociety Tiffany Horvath SOC 305: Crime and Society Instructor: Efua Akoma October 28, 2013 If you asked 100 random people to describe a criminal, they would describe someone uneducated, in and out of the justice system, a minority or just a basic street criminal. â€Å"National surveys suggest that when Americans think about crime, they see the face of a black jobless high-school dropout from a broken home† (Society, 2013). â€Å"Federal researchers found, for example, that many prisonersRead MoreEssay about The Invincible Criminal1400 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Commission estimated that the annual cost of white-collar crime is between $130 billion and $472 billion, seven to twenty-five times greater than the cost of conventional or street crime (Conklin, 2010, P. 71). White-collar crime in America is considered larceny committed by the wealthy, respected, and legitimate enterprise which is not set up or intended to go out of business like an ordinary fraud or con game. White-collar crime offenses may involve forgery, embezzlement, or fraud inv olvingRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1431 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes are one of the many things that all humans have in common. Whether it be a serious crime or not, everyone can commit a crime and go to jail for it. There are two types of crime that can be considered complete opposites of each other. They are white collar crimes and street crimes. White collar crimes are considered nonviolent crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation such as fraud, embezzlement, or bribery. On the other hand,Read MorePolice Corruption968 Words   |  4 Pagesseriousness about the issue of white-collar crime. What is white-collar crime you may ask. White-collar is defined as, ‘a generic term for crimes involving commercial fraud, cheating consumers, swindles, insider trading on the stock market, embezzlement and other forms of dishonest business schemes. The term comes from the out of date assumption that busine ss executives wear white shirts and ties. It also theoretically distinguishes these crimes and criminals from physical crimes, supposedly likely to beRead MoreWhite Collar And Organized Crime Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and Organized

Hubble Space Telescope Essay - 1737 Words

According to a newsletter sent out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the purpose of the Hubble Space Telescope was, and is, to gather light from cosmic objects so scientists can better understand the universe around us. Up until the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope, all telescopes were Earth based and had the disadvantage of having to peer at the stars through the Earth’s atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere provides a large amount of distortion when viewing very far objects, like space, through a telescope. Placing a telescope in space eliminates the distortion and provides images that are significantly clearer and in turn, easier to examine. The Hubble Space Telescopes six different science instruments†¦show more content†¦The fourth important instrument is the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer, which is basically Hubble’s heat reader. It is very sensitive to infrared light which makes it useful for ob serving objects tainted by gases and dust. It is also used to peer into the deepest parts of space. The fifth important instrument is the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, which is a utility instrument that separates the light from the cosmos into its component colors. It is also used to study black holes, the composition of galaxies, and the atmosphere of planets around all stars. The sixth and final important instrument is called the Fine Guidance Sensors, which target devices that lock on to â€Å"guide stars† and measure their positions in relation to the objects being viewed. The sensors also perform celestial measurements. The Hubble Space Telescope is powered by solar cells which are solid-state electrical devices that convert the energy of light directly into electricity by an effect called the Photovoltaic effect. When many solar cells are put together they are called solar modules which can also capture energy from sunlight. When many modules are placed together it is called a solar panel. Hubble had many problems finding funding for the telescope. The U.S. Congress questioned the proposed original budget, as it wasShow MoreRelatedHubble Space Telescope3251 Words   |  14 PagesHubble Space Telescope The telescope would become the indispensable instrument for investigations of the cosmos. Bigger and better telescopes were built all over the world. Planets, stars, and nebulae which could not be seen by the naked eye were now being routinely noted and logged. Such is the case with the fantastic discoveries for which the Hubble Space Telescope has been responsible during the twentieth century. Had it not been for the creation of such a monumental piece of scientific machineryRead MoreA Window to the Universe Ever since the first civilizations began naming the dots in the sky,800 Words   |  4 Pagesfascinated by the cosmos and how they work. Telescopes were invented so that people could better view the stars and planets. Eventually, someone had the grand idea to launch one into space. It was named after the famous astronomer Edwin Hubble. Despite the trouble it has given engineers and astronauts since its launch, the Hubble space telescope has led to dozens of scientific breakthroughs and has changed the way humankind sees the universe. The telescope is the culmination of ten years of hard workRead MoreThe Physics Of Astronomy And Astronomy1193 Words   |  5 Pagesinstruments. One of the instruments would be telescopes. There are many different telescopes used in astronomy, most of which are massive, and have special qualities. Although they all have great features and are well working instruments, they need innovations sometimes. Over the years they have discovered mind boggling objects, and they are still looking. Telescopes have evolved, and helped astronomers, in many ways since the first telescope was built. This telescope was built with just two lenses, and aRead MoreThe Development Of Telescope1641 Words   |  7 Pagesuniverse is from observation. From simple optical telescopes to radio telescopes and high-energy telescopes, people constantly improve observational technologies to make more discoveries. This scientific development reached its climax as people launched a revolutionary telescope above the a tmosphere for a better quality of image. These revolutionary changes in observational technology help this universe be more comprehensive to human. The first telescope-like device appeared in 1608 when a lens-makerRead More Revolution in Cosmology Resolves Dispute over Universes Age1430 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution in Cosmology Resolves Dispute over Universes Age Just under seven years ago, astronomers using the Hubble space telescope presented results they hoped would help answer one of the most contentious issues in astronomy of the 20th century – the question of the distance scale of the universe. But there was some unease when the result was announced. According to the report, other galaxies were close enough that, extrapolating backwards from their current rate of recession and making adjustmentsRead MoreAmerican in the 90s Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesThe era of the 1990’s was an explosive time in American history both figuratively and literally. In the 90’s there was an extreme variety of different failures and also advances in technology. We as a nation had new advancements in space travel, our military and the way of life preparing for the turn of the century. As a country we didn’t know what the new millennium had to bring for us, but we were ready. Most significantly changing America though was from ou r creativeness that took place, the fearRead MoreEssay How was the Universe Created? The Big Bang Theory652 Words   |  3 Pagesexplosion of space within itself unlike a normal explosion of a bomb were fragments are thrown outward. The Big Bang then began laying the foundations for the universe. The first stars form 100-200 million years after the Big Bang, and reionized the Universe. After that, the first supernova exploded and spread nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, carbon, and iron through uranium throughout the Universe. A supernova is a the explosion of a star, it is the largest explosion which takes place in space, radiatingRead More Edwin Hubble Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pages Edwin Powell Hubble: Great Astronomer of the 19th Century Twinkle, twinkle little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky (Gardner 98). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stars are a marvelous wonder to many people, that is why some people spend most of their lives wondering what is â€Å"above the world so high† (Gardner 98). These people study and map the little twinkling stars in order to get a better meaning of them; they are astronomers. Great astronomersRead MoreEssay on Hubble Telescope1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hubble Space Telescope is one of the most amazing machines in orbit right now. In 1946, an astrophysicist named Dr. Lyman Spitzer proposed that a telescope in space would reveal better and clearer images that are even far from earth than any ground telescope. This idea was very extravagant because no one had yet launched a rocket into outer space. As the US space program excelled quickly over the early years, Spitzer lobbied NASA and Congress to develop a space telescope. In 1975, the EuropeanRead MoreThe Hubble Telescope and Its Discoveries Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesHubble Space Telescope an d Significant Discoveries Funding was approved in 1977 for a Large Space Telescope in 1977 and in 1983 it was renamed Hubble Space Telescope in honor of astronomer Edwin P. Hubble who discovered evidence of an expanding universe and the existence of other galaxies. Work was completed in 1985 and it was launched and deployed from the Space Shuttle Discovery in April of 1990, 350 miles above earth. Since its deployment, there have been five services, each service to perform

Business Finance Stock Prices and Exchange Rates

Question: Discuss about the Business Finance for Stock Prices and Exchange Rates. Answer: This paper aims at giving a complete overview of how to choose the best investment from more than one company. In this paper, the focus is on Woodside Petroleum Limited and Wesfarmers Limited. These two companies listed in the Australian Forex have been studied using ratios and past information documented on them. Description, Core Activities, and Markets. Woodside Petroleum is an oil and gas company based in Australia. Woodside is Australias largest independent oil and gas company. It operates five floating oil production, storage, and offloading (FPSO)vessels, the largest owner-operated fleet in Australia. The company has more than 60 years of experience and its partners have great confidence in them (Hoque, Islam, Azam, 2013). Wesfarmers is a company in Australia that deals with several business operations with a wide range of operations from home improvement to supermarkets, convenience stores, hotels, and liquor. The company headquarters is situated in Western Australia. Originally, back in 1914 it was branded as Western Australia Farmers co-operative. As mentioned earlier their areas of operations are broad and wide. People Involved in Firms Governance. Woodside Petroleum Chairperson Michael A Chaney Board Members- Melinda A Cilento Frank C Cooper Christopher M Haynes David I McEvoy Ann Pickard Sarah Ryan CEO-Peter J Coleman Woodside is a non-family company (TUZCU, 2004). This is because people involved in the governance (Directors, Chairman and CEO) have less than 20% shareholding. Royal Dutch shell plc. Is the biggest shareholder and owns 13.3% of the company. It is also the only shareholder with ownership of more than 5% shares (Calder, 2008). Wesfarmers Chairperson Michael Chaney AO Finance Director Terry Bowen Board Members - Paul Bassat Tony Howarth James Graham AM Wayne Osborn Jeniffer Westacott Venessa Wallace CEO- Richard Goyder AO Wesfarmers is non-family business. There no individual neither organization with more than 5% shareholding. The organization with the highest shares is Vanguard with 0.19% in the stock exchange ratings. None of the governors with more than 1% shareholdings in the company (Calder, 2008). Key Ratios both companies Woodside Petroleum Return on Assets = NPAT/Total Assets sum present asset plus Net PPE plus Intangibles plus Other Long- term asset (Alexander Nogueira, 2007). = 1070.1942029 + 21661.766667 + 0 + 882.73768 =$23,615million in US currency NPAT =$ 26million US currency Answer = 26/23.6 = 1.101695 Return on Owners Equity = NPAT/OWNERS EQUITY 14.1099036232 = Owners Equity 26 = NPAT Answer 26/14.1099 = 1.842678 Gearing Ratios = Total Liabilities/ Total Assets T.A = 23.615 T.L = 9.53455 Answer = 9.54555/23.615 = 0.4042 Wesfarmers Return on Assets = NPAT/Total Assets sum present asset plus Net PPE plus Intangibles plus Other Long- term asset Coakley Fuertes, 2006). = 9090 + 4083+ 1931 + 1471 + 181 + 181 +460 =$ 41160 million in US currency NPAT =$ 2440million US currency Answer = 2440/41160 = 0.05928 Return on Owners Equity = NPAT/OWNERS EQUITY Owners Equity equals sum asset less sum liability 28965.7971016 = 41160 12194.2028986 NPAT = 2440 Answer 2440/28965.7971016 = 0.8423728 Gearing Ratios = Total Liabilities/ Total Assets T.A = 41160 T.L = 12194.2028986 Answer = 12194/41160 = 0.296263 For woodside the ROA is greater than the ROE meaning that the company generate more income from borrowed investement or rented assets therefore they are unable to generate from their own assets solely. For Wesfarmers the ROA is less than the ROE meaning that the company has the ability to generate revenue from their own assets and the investors are getting a value for their money since the business has little or no borrowed funds or rented assets. Preparation of graphs Wesfarmers graph Woodside petroleum limited The red line shows the market security in a given time period while the blue line shows the actual plot that we derived for the graph on ordinary shares (Groenewold Paterson, 2013). These two lines vary from time to time and initially when the blue line was below the red line, the company is more volatile since the shares are on demand and easily bought by investors (Bugeja Sinelnikov, 2012). Research via internet This study features both of the corporations. Financial variables Fiscal concepts for instance GDP development , the cost of living , joblessness degrees as well as Australias trades with the other parts worldwide almost all help to the ordinary industry setting that ASX-listed organizations function in. Changes on these kind of guidelines will most likely impact the course of the share current market since they provide signals with regards to the amount of consumers as well as organizations will tend to be prepared to invest , that might bears ramifications for organization gain(Groenewold Paterson, 2013) . Rates of interest Rates are crucial given that they get the possibility to consequence the two models in a companys income computation: earnings as well as expenses. The effect on income originates from the point that in occasions of reduced rates while borrowing cash is relatively low-priced, individuals are typically prepared to invest additional on products or services. The effect on price is simply because that organizations count on lent cash for items like acquisitions. Forex rate The Australian dollar has devoted the vast majority of the previous 2 years floating near to its own all-time top against the US monetary of US$1 .10 , attained in 2011 . One latest instance demonstrating just how the trade off price can affect a companys view was Woodside Petroleum, which provides oil as well as fuel to Asian countries. In its concluding calendar year earnings outcome for 2013 , Woodside declared that a $0 .01 decline in the worth of the Aussie dollar against the US dollar would likely raise a number of net gain US$4m (Bugeja Sinelnikov, 2012) . Code of the Company beta Wesfarmers Beta 0.82 Woodside petroleums Beta 1.20 Capital Asset Pricing Model = risk free rate + beta (expected market return risk free rate) Wesfarmers returns = 0.04 + 0.82 (0.06 0.04) = 0.04 + 0.0164 = 0.0564 Woodside Petroleum Returns = 0.04 + 1.20 (0.06 0.04) = 0.024 Yes. Both of the companies are a conservative investment due to their low risk portfolio below one (Alexander Nogueira, 2007). WACC Weighted Average Capital WCC = RE + D/V * RD * ( 1- TC) WHERE: RE = COST ON EQUITY D = MARKET DEBT VALUATION E = MARKET EQUITY VALUATION V = E+ D TC = TAX % ON CORPORATION Wesfarmers WACC =0.8741 * 6.865 + 0.1259 * 4.9707 * ( 1 33.03) = 6.428 Woodside Petroleum = 0.9943 * 13.7834 + 4.7892 * 7.3852 * ( 1 - 14.64) = 8.06 Wesfarmers costs to raise capital is lower than returns on capital, 6.95% therefore what it gets is more in returns Woodside petroleum costs to raise capital is higher than the returns on capital, 0.098%, therefore what it gets is less in returns (Jooste, 2006). A high WACC has a negative effect on the management. This because the company is generating less on their returns and it means that something is wrong. The management needs an overall spin or identification of the key departments lagging the company behind. Gearing ratios Gearing ratios = Total Liabilities / Total Assets Wesfarmers YEAR 2015 = 0.296263 YEAR 2014 = 13740/39727 = 3.366476 Wesfarmers in 2014 had a high gearing ratio it was very risky for investors to invests due to the possibility of downturns while it was able to change its fortunes in 2014 becoming a good prospect for investment initially in 2014 it was unstable however, in 2015 it is stable (Trotman, 2009). Woodside Petroleum YEAR 2015 = 0.4042 YEAR 2014 = 7.42/24.08 = 0.3081 Woodside gearing ratios relatively changed by approximately 0.1 this is a low ratio and it is good to invest in both years however year, 2015 is risky by 0.1 than 2014. Therefore, it is stable (Trotman, 2009). For Woodside from the gearing ratio of 2014 to 2015 the ratio shows that the risk to invest is higher and this is second by the directors report that indicated significant increase in their borrowing to fund their on going projects. For Wesfarmers the gearing ratio in 2014 was significantly higher than 2015 meaning the risk for investors to invest decrease. This is backed by the directors report following payment on cash creditors and major loans in the financial institutions cleared. Dividend Policy The company may choose to pay dividend after a given period or currently pay the cash dividend. It all depends on the existence of excess cash by the company (Sez Gutirrez, 2015). On the other hand where the cash is just enough for the company or inadequate they payback the cash dividend in the future but with an interest (Qiu La, n.d.). 'Letter Name, Investor Adviser, Postal Address, Client name, Title client, Postal Address, Date Dear sir/madam, Re: Investment Choice I hereby wish to advice on the best portfolio to choose for investment following my evaluation of the two companies. The gearing ratios on both of the companies in 2015 are relatively low however; Woodside has a higher ratio of 0.4042 compared to 0.296263 of Wesfarmers and therefore riskier to invest in Woodside. While WACC of Wesfarmers is superior to Woodside. Reason is that Wesfarmers are able to generate earnings from its assets since the cost of capital is lower than the return on capital by 0.53%. While Woodside has 7.95% which makes it even riskier to invest here (Jooste, 2006). Wesfarmers has a low beta of 0.82 while Woodside has a high of 1.20. In case you have cash and unwilling to hold it just buy the Wesfarmers low beta stock that will be more profitable to you in the future than the high beta stock of Woodside. Therefore, I advise you to choose Wesfarmers ltd as your choice of investment. Thank you in advance. Regards, In conclusion, the tasks done have given conclusive information of the companies based on predominantly the ratios. The Wesfarmer Company though had the last say on the best portfolio for investment Woodside Petroleum was a worthy and able competitor in the two companies tug of war on investment (Alexander Nogueira, 2007). There mere access on ratio cannot be relied upon due to the unpredictability of markets and the consumers preference may as well have drastic changes that affect shares stock. References Alexander, C. and Nogueira, L. (2007). Model-free hedge ratios and scale-invariant models. Journal of Banking Finance, 31(6), pp.1839-1861. Alexander, C. and Nogueira, L. (2007). Model-free hedge ratios and scale-invariant models. Journal of Banking Finance, 31(6), pp.1839-1861. Bugeja, M. and Sinelnikov, K. (2012). Public versus private takeovers of Australian stock exchange listed targets. Australian Journal of Management, 37(3), pp.391-414. Calder, A. (2008). Corporate governance. London: Kogan Page. Coakley, J. and Fuertes, A. (2006). Valuation ratios and price deviations from fundamentals. Journal of Banking Finance, 30(8), pp.2325-2346. Groenewold, N. and Paterson, J. (2013). Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Australia: Are Commodity Prices the Missing Link?. Australian Economic Papers, 52(3-4), pp.159-170. Hoque, M., Islam, M. and Azam, M. (2013). Board Committee Meetings and Firm Financial Performance: An Investigation of Australian Companies. International Review of Finance, 13(4), pp.503-528. Jooste, L. (2006). Cash flow ratios as a yardstick for evaluating financial performance in African businesses. Managerial Finance, 32(7), pp.569-576. Qiu, M. and La, B. (n.d.). The Capital Structure Difference Across Australian Companies. SSRN Electronic Journal. Sez, M. and Gutirrez, M. (2015). Dividend Policy with Controlling Shareholders. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 16(1). Trotman, K. (2009). TAKEOVER DEFENCES BY AUSTRALIAN COMPANIES. Accounting Finance, 21(2), pp.63-85. TUZCU, A. (2004). Corporate governance approach of Istanbul stock exchange companies. Milletleraras, pp.145-167.

Philosophy - St. Augustines Good And Evil Essays -

Philosophy - St. Augustine's Good and Evil God is the supremely good Creator of good natures, and he is also the Creator of evil. God caused the devil to be evil. God foresaw the good, which he himself would bring out of his evil. God saw this was coming when he created him to be good, so when we turned bad God had arranged of him and how he would be make use of him. God knew how everything was going to turnout; he even saw man's evil. God knew that man will one day change and he foresaw the evil in him before it happened. He created man and the evil that was coming from it. God had a place ready for this also. Nothing would have been made if God did not know it was going to be good. God is sees what is good, he knew what he was creating, and one day it will be good. Plato said that when the universe was completed, God was filled with joy. God was blessed by his creation; he had approved the structure of the universe and planed it this way. God created the universe, as it is said, with one word. God said, ?Let there be light,? and let appeared. After God had created the light, he had said, ?it was good.? The people oppose His rule are called God's enemies. They are his enemies by their will to oppose him; they are not able to hurt him. God is always unchangeable; he is without any pain in the world. They people that resist God, and God's will are evil to themselves, they are not evil to God. To God, no evil is able to hurt him. They people that don't believe him, are creating trouble for themselves, they are escaping the truth. We are able to say that though vice cannot injure the unchangeable good, it can injure nothing but good. After this is said, we are also able to say that vice cannot be in the highest good, and cannot be but in some good. Things solely good can exist, but things that are solely evil, can never exist. For those things that have an evil will, are in some way evil, but their natures are in some way good. The evil that is created by God has to have a reason behind it. He had to create the evil to some what help the good. I believe that God created evil for a reason. If God did not create evil, then how did evil come to be. There had to be a reason for evil in man. God had to have foresaw what was going to happen to the universe when he created it. The evil that God created had to be for another good reason. There has to be a reason why people get punished and why people are hurt. There also has to be a reason for all the other evils that exist in the universe. If God had planned the universe to be like the way it is, then he must have created evil for some reason.

Machiavelli and Amorality essays

Machiavelli and Amorality essays Machiavellis treatment of ethics and morality is amoral. This is so because he simply talks about what it takes to be an effective leader. In no way is Machiavelli promoting immorality. He speaks of immorality acts in order for a ruler to serve the greater good of his people. He looks at politics without moral immoral thoughts. To argue that Machiavelli is amoral, one must understand how he treats religion and the primary source of moral standards that he has established in his amoral context. He stands by what must be done in order for a leader to be effective and lead his people. The Prince is a great guide for efficient and successful government. The goal Machiavellis overall point is to stay in power; any means necessary to accomplish these goals are acceptable. He clearly sees the importance of force when he states, Moses, Cyrus, Thesus, nor Romulus would have been able to make their peoples obey their new structures of authority for long had they been unarmed.(Wootton 20) And again, when he says the main foundation which all states must have, whether new, or old, or mixed, is good laws and good armies.(Wootton 38) He stresses the importance of the army to the extent of excluding any possible good laws where there are not good armies in which he concentrates his attention on describing its merits. He rejects the use of armies made up of mercenaries and considers them useless for maintaining security and stability. Mercenaries are motivated by their small stipend which is not enough to make them willing to die for you he also adds There is no difficulty in demonstrating the truth if this; for the present ruins of Italy can be attributed to nothing else. (Wootton 38) One could conceived this as immoral of Machiavelli to speak of mercenaries, but the fact of the matter is to maintain a resolute government you need dedicated soldiers who will at the drop of a dime will...

What Is a Valedictorian Defining High Schools Top Honor

What Is a Valedictorian Defining High School's Top Honor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips High school academics can be very competitive for driven students who hope to earn the coveted title of valedictorian. But how exactly do high schools choose valedictorians? Does the title mean anything for college applications? In this article, I’ll give you the details on what it means to be a valedictorian, how valedictorians are chosen, and whether this is a critical factor in the college admissions process. What Is a Valedictorian in High School? If you are named valedictorian, it usually means that you have reached the highest level of academic achievement out of all the students in your class.At some schools, multiple students are named valedictorians.Valedictory honors are determined by GPA, which may be measured differently depending on your high school.I’ll go over more specifics about variations in policy in the next section. The high school valedictorian traditionally delivers a speech (the â€Å"valedictory† speech) at graduation.Fun fact: The term valedictorian comes from the Latinvale dicere meaning â€Å"to say farewell† since the valedictorian usually delivers the last speech at the ceremony. How Are High School Valedictorians Chosen? The valedictorian will almost always be the student in your class who has the highest GPA, but GPA can be measured on more than one scale (and sometimes schools have more than one valedictorian!).If your school uses weighted GPAs, meaning students in higher level classes can earn higher GPAs, the valedictorian is virtually guaranteed to be the student who has earned the highest grades in the most difficult classes.Weighted GPAs are typically measured on a 5-point scale, with a 5.0 being equivalent to an A in an Honors or AP class. Other schools use an unweighted GPA scale, meaning that course levels are not taken into account when calculating GPA.On an unweighted scale, GPAs only go up to a 4.0, which is equivalent to an A in any class regardless of level.In this case, the valedictorian could be a student who was in lower level classes but earned all A's. In recent years, some high schools have adopted the policy of naming multiple students valedictorians.Since college admissions are so competitive now, more and more students are pushing themselves to achieve high levels of academic success in high school.By naming multiple valedictorians, schools acknowledge the impressive achievements of severalstudents in a more equitable manner and reduce pressure and competition.Sometimes valedictory honors are given to all students who achieve straight A averages or to several students who have all earned the same top GPAs. In this case, there might not be an actual valedictory speech (unless all the valedictorians write a speech together and say it in unison, which would be really creepy, so I’m all for it).The policy of naming multiple valedictorians has faced criticism from those who argue that it simply points to rampant grade inflation and devalues the title of valedictorian. However, when GPAs are only separated by tiny fractions of points, it may make sense to recognize more than one student with this honor. There are also policy variations in which classes count towards the GPA that determines class ranking.Some schools might only include grades from courses in core subject areaswhile others may include both core classes and electives.You can check with your guidance counselor to see what your school’s policies are. Since the valedictorian is usually the studentranked #1 in each class, it’s not easy to predict what GPA you’ll need in order to earn the title. You may have heard about students who were valedictorians of past classes but earned a lower GPA than the student ranked fifth in your class.Some classes are more or less competitive than others! If you wanna be the top goat (which I think is what valedictorians should really be called), you may have to lock horns with other super driven students in your class. Relax nerds, there's no actual physical activity involved. What About Salutatorians? What Other Ranking-Based Honors Do High Schools Offer? Valedictorian isn't the only title that students can earn for academic achievements in high school. At most schools, the salutatorian is the student ranked second in the class after the valedictorian.Usually, the salutatorian will also give a speech at graduation.Salutatorians are slightly cooler than valedictorians. (Okay, I'm biased because I was salutatorian in high school, but let's face it, it's kind of true.) Some high schools will also offer Latin honors to students who achieve certain GPAs.You may have heard of this practice in the context of college academics.Students are given the titles of cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude as markers of their academic achievements.Different high schools will have different GPA thresholds for each honor.At a school with weighted GPAs, for example, students who earn GPAs above a 3.6 might be cum laude, students who earn GPAs above a 4.0 might be magna cum laude, and students who earn GPAs above a 4.4 might be summa cum laude. These honors are also sometimes given out based on class rank percentile. A school that organizes honorsthis way might decide that the top 5% of the class is considered summa cum laude, the top 10% is magna cum laude, and the top 25% is cum laude. If your high school doesn't have Latin honors, that’s not a big deal.It’s just another way of recognizing students with high GPAs who have worked hard but haven’t quite reached the level of valedictorian or salutatorian. The only Latin phrase that most of us know. Seize the carp. That's what it means, right? What Are the Benefits of Being Named Valedictorian? The title of valedictorian, as we have seen, can mean different things depending on your high school.It’s an impressive honor, but the title alone shouldn’t make much of an impact on your chances of college admission. If you're a valedictorian, you will have a very high GPA (and probably high test scores as well), and those qualifications will be the things that actually get you into selective colleges. When you first apply to college, you won't know yet whether you're valedictorian or not, and neither will the schools.You won't find out for sure until the spring when you've already received admissions decisions from colleges. Because the GPAs of valedictorians can vary from year to year, the title means far less than the grades that got you there.This is especially true in the context of the new trend of naming multiple valedictorians; the term is more watered down than it used to be. Even though it might not matter that much in college admissions, there are other benefits to being named valedictorian. You may be eligible for special scholarships at the colleges where you've been accepted because of your status as a valedictorian. This is common at public universities that hope to lure in high-achieving students with tuition deals. You'll also be recognized for all of your hard work and get to deliver a speech to your entire class.It’s a great opportunity to tell some hilarious jokes and/or send a meaningful message.I would recommend telling jokes because you’ll be remembered as the only non-boring part of graduation.If the thought of giving a speech makes you want to puke, then this might not be a plus, but it really is a good chance for you to be honest and share your reflections on the last four years. Deliver your valedictorian speech while decked out in full clown makeup. Give the people what they want. What Should You Do If You Want to Be Valedictorian? If you have your sights set on the title of high school valedictorian, you should be prepared to challenge yourself. Students who become valedictorians begin and end their high school careers in the toughest classes with the highest grades.For an overview of some of the skills and study habits you should adopt if you hope to be at the top of your class, take a look at my article onhow to get good grades in high school. Also, try to keep things in perspective. Don't sacrifice your mental health in the name of your goal - it's not worth it just for the recognition. Your goal should motivate you to stay engaged in your school work and challenge yourself, but it shouldn't make you break down in tears because you have to spend eight hours on homework every night. Only you know what your limits are and what you can handle. If you push your intellectual boundaries and maintain high grades, you will be accepted to some great colleges whether or not you end up becoming valedictorian. Exercise your brain, but give it some down time once in a while to keep it healthy and happy. Conclusion At most high schools, the valedictorian is the top student in the class as determined by GPA.Some schools use weighted GPAs while others use unweighted GPAs, and this may affect the type of student who ends up as valedictorian.Some schools even name multiple valedictorians to recognize exceptional academic achievements by more than one student.The valedictorian is traditionally asked to give a speech at graduation. You don’t have to be valedictorian or salutatorian of your high school to be accepted to a highly selective college!Since the GPA of the valedictorian at any given high school will vary from year to year, colleges don’t assume that everyone who ends up as a valedictorian should be admitted or that students who aren’t given the highest honors in their class should be denied.If you consistently work hard in your classes and earn high grades, you'll be rewarded in the college application process even if you're not the valedictorian. What's Next? Valedictorian may be the top honor, but your class rank still might be important even if you're not number one. Learn more about what a good class rank is in this article. Are you curious about where you stand with your GPA? Here's a step by step guide for how to calculate your cumulative GPA based on your high school grades so far. If your GPA is lower than you would like, read this guide to learn some strategies that will help you improve! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Morrisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morrisons - Essay Example It also plans to train more than 12,000 people butchery and bakery skills as well as customer service are well behind that of Asda’s which intends to train 5,000 people (Berman, 2010). The company’s vision is to make its way to the â€Å"Big Three†, attain a higher market share than its three main rivals; 16.4pc at third-placed J Sainsbury, 16.9pc at Asda and 30.5pc at Tesco (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). As far as the strengths are concerned, the retailer owns 89% of its store portfolio (Datamonitor, 2011). Hence, there is little threat of takeover and greater security to investors in terms of security. Secondly, the value of Morrison’s property, plant and equipment assets is around  £7.5bn, higher than its current market capitalization (Datamonitor, 2011) . Its debt to equity ratio is mere 19% which is lowest in the industry (Datamonitor, 2011). Its profits before taxes are up by 45 per cent to  £449 million indicating positive growth (Datamonitor, 2011). Morrisons enjoys an enhanced/ up-market image of a more sophisticated store frequented by celebrities such as Lulu and Alan Hansen. The company was bestowed with ‘Retailer of the year’ award in 2008 which earned the company high goodwill (Datamonitor, 2011). As far as the weaknesses are concerned, Morrison’s does not have an internet home shopping business unlike its three larger rivals Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys (Boddy, 2005). This could put the company on the backburner as e-commerce is an ever-growing business as it gives greater convenience to customers along with a potential to tap international markets. Secondly, it does not have a loyalty card scheme such as Club card which Tesco has uses to track consumer trends and offer lapsing customers discounts (Thompson & Martin, 2010). Third, unlike Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys, Morrison’s does not have a meaningful non-food offer (Thompson & Martin, 2010). The company is

The Rhetoric of Pork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rhetoric of Pork - Essay Example Then he proposes some opinions and arguments to clarify making the avoidance from pork-consumption a commandment – they consume and stagger in smut, their flesh transmits disease – then enlightens why they mustn’t fulfill the logic. If there is a dire necessity, other farm animals will consume feces, moreover all undercooked meats have the possibility for scattering disease. The clarification he puts forth takes a methodology that has more to do with the economics and the assets needed to raise pigs for getting meat. Beasts that have ruminating bellies do quite fine with ingesting hard plants and grasses that human cannot consume, whereas pigs have bellies that resemble more with human beings and need to stake in the same food source. Pigs also need shadow or some exterior method of cooling their bodies, which is the reason they are observed to lurch in filth. Even the space is not well-matched for raising pigs, particularly with developing human inhabitants. Pig s flourish better in dense forests; whereas the needs of more human population causes woodlands to be wiped off to make room for harvesting fields. The area then starts to look more like a desert, plus it gets pricier to raise swine since their necessities are tougher to provide. In brief, Harris’ concept is that the prohibition of pigs arises out of the unwieldiness of nurturing them. It is very unlike the commonly supposed and argued cultural characteristic of not eating pigs. Jewish community in the United States, for instance, has no environmental need to keep abstinence from eating pork since the meat is supplied figuratively on a shoestring and American people on the whole are also not contending with pork for particular diets. Arguments of Mary Douglas Douglas proposed that food proscriptions sanctioned by religion as cited in Deuteronomy and Leviticus are amongst the resources by which particular groups uphold their preservations and exclusiveness, therefore providing them a robust identity or social emblems.  More tangibly, when a person declares his association with a certain group that he/she respects as his self-enclosed universe and outside whose boundaries he sees risk, menace, and hostility, he concurrently summons—openly or covertly—the many emblems of his social identity. There must be compactness between outrages that will make complete sense of all specific limitations. These prohibitions contaminate the individual, so by not consuming the vile animals, one can be clean or 'Holy', so these eating guidelines one way or another demonstrate holiness. Holiness is extensiveness, harmony, amalgamation, excellence. Holiness connotes protecting discrete classes of design. It includes specific definition, discernment and direction. The animals presented in sacrifice must be without imperfection, just like females must be cleaned after giving birth, so must the lepers be parted and ceremonially cleaned.  For instance, in the t ime of Leviticus, filthy lifestyles of a warrior prohibited him from combating. Animals that are hoofed and chew cud (sheep, cattle, goat, etc.) are  farm  animals used by the early Hebrews, therefore they are the appropriate food of these folks and a fragment of the social command. These are the means of support of the Israelites, so they are deliberated pure. The pig is also vile since it does not produce milk like cattle, yarn or hide like sheep so there is

Family and marriage ten theories Essay Example for Free

Family and marriage ten theories Essay 1. Family Ecology- The ecological context of the family affects family life and children’s outcomes. It explores how the family is influenced by the environment.This theory studies how family lives and decisions. It basically brings forth the idea that every choice that you make affects your family, your lifestyle, the surrounding events as well as historical events. Key Concepts Natural physical-biological environment- This concept deals with climate and climate change, soil, plants and animals. Social- Cultural environment- This concepts deals with human made things as well as cultural artifacts. Theorist/ Individual- This concept was discovered/ or created by ecologist Strength and Weaknesses- Some strengths of this theory is that What You Think- I think that this theory is totally correct. I feel like every choice I make does affect my family. It affects their lifestyle as well as how they view things, as well as how they form their opinions. These decisions that I am making now, affects how we live and will affect how they decide they will live when they get older. These decisions are things like, where we live, how we live, work ethics, as well as the food we eat. 2. The Family Life Course Development Framework Families experience predictable change over time. This basically brings forth the idea that families go thru unpredictable changes, which add and subtract from their family composition. This means birth, death and the leaving home of a family member. Key Concepts Family Life Course- Events that add and subtract from a family’s composition Developmental Tasks- tasks that have to be completed before you can transition to the next stage. On Time Transitions- Events that occur when they are supposed to, as opposed to being too early, or too late. Role Sequencing- The order in which major transitions take place. Theorist/ Individual- Life Course Therapist, and Ueker and Stokes Strength and Weaknesses Some of the strengths of this theory is that it analyzes the family as a unit. What You Think- This theory basically states that family life begins with marriage. This is crazy and untrue. I say this because nowadays family life begins when you have a kid as opposed to when you get married. 3. The Structure- Functional Perspective- The family performs essential functions for society. This deals with the way families fulfill basic societal needs, such as raising children responsibly, providing economical support, and emotional security. Key Concepts Social Institution- Family Structure Family Functions Functional Alternatives Theorist/ Individual- Social Scientist Strength and Weaknesses- Some of the strengths is that it analyzes the way families raise their kids, as well as how the family meets the needs of its members. The weaknesses of this theory is that it analyzes the family as a whole, as opposed to analyzes each person individually and how they deal with each other. What You Think- I think that each perspective is uniquely different and this perspective analyzes how families fulfill its members needs. The needs that they analyze, are basically what makes a family functional. These needs are things that each members needs to feel like they play a part in the unit. 4. The Interaction- Constructionist Perspective By means of interaction, humans construct socio-cultural meanings. The internal dynamics of a group of interacting individuals construct the family. Key Concepts Interaction Symbol Meaning Role Making Social Construction of Reality Destruction Postmodernism Theorist/ Individual Strength and Weaknesses- The strengths of this theory is that it looks at the family as a whole to see what is being done collectively to create the closeness. One of the weaknesses is that it does not look at the obvious, it should analyze the person that keeps the family together. Each member is following the lead of one person, who’s main goal is to keep the family together. What You Think- I think this theory basically analyzes family practices and what things, like rituals, bring them together, or create a apparent closeness. These are things that can be used to identify, or analyze another persons behavior, when they don’t come from a family like structure. 5. Exchange Theory- The resources that individuals bring to a relationship or family affect the formation,continuation, nature and power dynamics of a relationship. Social exchanges are compiled to create networks and social capital. This meaning that when people are engaged in social exchanges they limit their costs and maximize their rewards. Key Concepts Resources Rewards and Cost Family Power Social Networks Social Support Theorist/ Individual- Social Therapist Strength and Weaknesses- The strengths of this theory is that it analyzes relationships and people’s economic perspective on forming the relationships. The weaknesses are that the perspective analyzes the people’s economic perspective on forming relationships but it doesn’t analyze thoroughly what type of person they are, and how they attract friends, and form relationships. What You Think- I think this is a great theory. It basically means that when you are forming relationships with people you are analyzing what you can get from the relationship, as opposed to what you are giving in return, or what you have to bring to the table. It basically states the person with less committment to the relationship has more power.  This is because the person with less committments not the person competing for the relationship,as if they don’t care either way, whereas the other person actually cares and wants the relationship to bloom. 6. Family Systems Theory- The family as a whole is more than the sum of its parts. This meaning that the family, becomes whole, although it is comprised of interrelated parts. Key Concepts System- a combination of elements or components that are integrated and organized as a whole. Equilibrium- balance Boundaries- ideas about who is in the family and who is out  Family Therapy- Theorist/ Individual- Psychotherapist Strength and Weaknesses- Some of the strengths are that the theory is that it bases its theory off of research of the family and how it is comprised of different parts. One weakness is that it does not analyze the different personalities within the family as well as the family interactions to determine what keeps them balanced. What You Think- I think that the Family Systems theory is a theory that basically researches the family and it looks at a system as a combination of elements. This is good because it looks at how the family actually interacts together. 7. Conflict and Feminist Theory- Gender is central to the analysis of the family; male dominance in society and in the family is oppresive of women. It is the opposite of structure functional theory. The theory argues that human physiology, genetics, and hormones predisposed individuals to certain behaviors. Key Concepts Male dominance Power Inequality- Theorist/ Individual- theoretical scientist/ social scientist Strength and Weaknesses- Some strengths of these two theories are that they basically analyze what causes certain people to be treated unfair and unequally. It basically tries to ask and answer the question as to what makes males more dominant than females. One of the weaknesses is that it can not effectively  answer this problem, nor solve it because it still exists. What You Think- Conflict Theory analyzes unequal Power. Feminist Theory analyzes gender issues. 8. The Biosocial Perspective- Evolution of the human species has put in place certain biological endowments that shape and limit family life choices. Key Concepts Evolutionary heritage Genes Hormones Brain Processes Inclusive Fitness Theorist/ Individual- Behaviorist Strength and Weaknesses- One of the strengths is that it analyzes the fact that a persons environment helps shape them. One of the weaknesses is that their research found that they could not the factors considered were dependent upon each other, as opposed to just one. What You Think- I think that this theory basically analyzes how a person sees the world and how their behaviors are affected by their environment and family life. 9.Attachment Theory- Early Childhood experience with caregivers shape psychological attachment styles. This brings forth the idea that during infancy and childhood a young person develops a style of attaching to people. Key Concepts Secure Insecure Anxious Attachment Styles Theorist/ Individual- Behaviorist Strength and Weaknesses- some of the strengths are that it analyzes why kids act the way they do and how they get attached to people. The weaknesses are that it does not leave the door open to explain if they are conditions that worsen the child’s ability to attach to a person, or What You Think- I think that the theory is dead on and it explains why a child acts a certain way towards people they don’t know, meeting new people, and why they don’t want to be seperated from their care giver.

My Adventure with Drugs :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Adventure with Drugs My brother David decided one afternoon that he was going to take me on an adventure. He came to this decision after smoking pot and watching the Disney version of Alice in Wonderland. I, being a child of nine, thought it sounded fun. My parents weren't home and my brother was supposed to be watching me. Mom and Dad usually didn't like me going too far from the house when they weren't there. That's why I questioned was how long it would take. â€Å"We'll be back before they get home,† he told me. That sounded good to me. I said I'd go with him. We started off by walking over the hills and crossing the stream in the cow pasture that's across the road from my house. I showed him the group of trees near the far end of the field that was over grown and full of vines to swing on and logs to hide behind. I told him I called it Sherwood Forrest. It seemed like great news to him because he acted very excited, but to my disappointment we did not stop there. It seems that my brother had a destination in mind. We left the pasture and crossed through the corner of the forested ridges that begin around my house. We followed a path that my neighbor used to ride her horse on. We walked through freshly turned fields and grassy ones that had no productive purpose. Finally after all of the open land we ran into an obstacle. The obstacle is called route 283. My brother and I hopped the fence that is meant to keep people and animals away from the highway. It wasn't until my brother climbed the embankment and had a leg over the metal barrier set up to keep cars from crashing into the ditch I stood in that I had enough courage to ask him a question.

Responsibilities and boundaries would as a teacher Essay

For obvious reasons, H&S Toolbox talks have to address current legislation and topics covered in relevant Approved Codes of Practice. Also, due to the practicalities of taking employees away from their normal activities, courses have to be relevant, concise and deliver results. It follows therefore that planning and delivery in my profession is key to successful training. Planning Roles & Responsibilities In order to achieve a professional delivery, I will discuss in advance with each learner their precise needs from the course. Some learners will be young and apprehensive, while others may be more mature and overconfident. The course content must cater for this diversity. The course needs to address business interests whilst covering topical subjects within each field of learning. A robust lesson Plan, with special emphasis on practical skills will therefore be fundamental. Each training session is divided into sections which discuss what is currently happening in industry (accident statistics), what legislation is currently in place to prevent these accidents, and what the learner must do to adhere to best practice. Boundaries Probably the greatest amount of effort is put into making sure a group of learners are available at a precise time on a precise day. Business needs change daily and I must always have a contingency. (Fewer learners, different venue, different day †¦..) A range of material is prepared in advance (hand-outs, PowerPoint presentations and quizzes) to help get the message across. Some courses require the use of the workshop and it is essential to ensure that the training needs can be accommodated in parallel with normal work activities. Delivery Roles & Responsibilities Courses must be interesting enough to stimulate interaction. A variety of training aids will be used to achieve this. Courses will be changed every 24 months to ensures learners do not have to endure the same dialogue, etc.  Delivery will be focused and effective. Interaction is a predominant feature of my courses and helps to stimulate group learning Hand-outs that require learners to fill in missing words or spot hazards are fundamental to most of my courses. These can be done individually or in groups to begin with. Boundaries Attitude is rarely a problem in my current role. Often, younger learners do not have the necessary skills or experience to be blasà © in front of others, and older learners are quite happy to share their experiences from the real world. Money and resources for materials are accounted for in my annual budget. Actual costs (learners time away from work) is always agreed by the line managers. Current guidelines on training frequency give added support to my cause! Assess Roles & Responsibilities Most of my courses use a multi-choice questionnaire for instant results. This omits the writing/spelling concerns that may blight an otherwise competent person – â€Å"you don’t need to be academically astute to be able to do the job safely†. Some courses require more interaction than others. It is important therefore to keep precise notes on a learners contribution and ultimately, on their ability to comprehend the subject being taught. Boundaries Marking multi-choice questionnaires is straight-forward and fair. If marked within the group environment, it gives a further chance to discuss ‘wrong answers’ Notes taken in the taught session can be used to consolidate marking criteria. On occasions, learners may pass a formal course test, but the teachers may have concerns about actual ability. This information may be used to develop additional training needs. Evaluate Roles & Responsibilities Feed-back forms are considered invaluable in my company although they are not considered mandatory. Always allow time at the end of a session for them to be filled in. Oral feed-back from my groups is always useful. It is important not to put anyone under the spot light. Solicitous questioning often pays dividends. Sometimes doing a covert audit (to see if learners are  doing what they have been taught) is a good way to see if the course ‘lesson’ has been ab sorbed. Boundaries It is important to recognise that no matter how good the training material is, there may be a need to modify it to cater for different abilities. Each time the training material is modified, there is a supposition that it will appeal to, and cater for, a more focused audience.

Zurkhaneh

‘The House of Strength’ Before western influence, ancient Iranians participated in numerous sporting events, much like the Greeks and their Olympics. Iranians though prided themselves in a type of wrestling called â€Å"Koshti Pahlavani† or â€Å"Heroic Wrestling†, where they would do graceful but powerful moves to pin their opponents. In order to train for events such as this, they developed a place to go to gain the strength, power, and endurance necessary to master their event. This place was known as the â€Å"Zurkhaneh† or â€Å"House of Strength†.The Zurkhaneh was originally a place to train and get closer to God, through weight training, because strength was seen as something godly. The Zurkhaneh housed the one true Iranian way of weight training, â€Å"Varzesh-e-Pahlavni† or â€Å"The Workout of Heroes†. This workout was a 60-90 minute routine of different lifts and exercises all in alignment to the beat of drums and bell s. Now although there are many technical parts to the Zurkhaneh, like who leads it and different levels and rankings (much like those of Karate and Tae Kwon Do), I am going to focus specifically on the weight training aspect of the Varzesh.These exercises include the warm-ups, â€Å"Takhteh-Shena†, â€Å"Narmesh† (aka Calisthenics), â€Å"Meel† exercises, â€Å"Charkhidan†, â€Å"Pazadan†, â€Å"Kabbadeh Keshidan†, â€Å"Sang† exercises, and â€Å"Shelang-Takhteh†. Each part of the full exercise fully works different parts of the person’s body. In the 90 minute period, the people in the Zurkhaneh start by warming up. They do callisthenic exercises like jumping on one foot and slow walking to achieve a dynamic stretch. They use the dynamic stretch as a way to prepare for the rigorous exercise they have ahead of them. Right after this warm-up, the people start doing pushups with the â€Å"Takhteh-Shena†.The â€Å"T akhteh-Shena† is a wooden plank that elevates you a little bit so that you do incline push-ups instead of flat push-ups. There are a few types of push-ups that they do including a regular push-up with the hip raised, a push-up with the legs spread wide-apart, and push-ups with a twist. These push-ups deliver a good chest and bicep workout, testing endurance as well as flexibility. Once they finish these push-up exercises, they do another round of calisthenics to further stretch their muscles for what is ahead. The next exercise in the lineup is the â€Å"Meel Greiftan† or â€Å"Club Exercises.The â€Å"Meel† is a giant club weighing 10-30 kg (or 22-66 lbs) that is used in a few more exercises. This is the most physically demanding of the exercises because of the sheer weight of the clubs. This workout works power as well as strength, making it a great beginning to a workout. What the people do with these clubs first is put their hands around the handle and then twist the club around their shoulders in a continuous circular motion. This full motion gives an upper body workout, primarily to the triceps, and shoulders (with some bicep workout).Immediately succeeding this exercise is the exercise of juggling these clubs. The lifters throw the clubs in the air and juggle them. They do use smaller weights, and only a specific specialized group of them will do this activity. It is a break for them. The juggling does test hand-eye coordination but also uses biceps and triceps but isn’t as draining as the spinning of the clubs. Once this is completed they move on to the endurance part of their exercise. The â€Å"Charkhidan† is a rotating or spinning dance that they do in the Zurkhaneh. This dance is a constant spin that gets progressively faster.The person is supposed to reach their max speed before the end of the dance. This spinning increases their balance and agility. The more skillful spinners lose complete dizziness and can spin for a lengthy period of time. The time and speed are crucial in this exercise because if the person doesn’t go for a lengthy time and high speed, they won’t work endurance. Endurance is the main reason for this exercise. Following this dance is a set of footwork drills. These set as another break in the workout, with continuing movement being the main motivation. The footwork drills really are what we call warm-ups.They jump on one foot or two feet while moving their arms in different directions. This constant stretching helps the muscles tear and repair faster so that the person will not feel as much pain after the exercise. Now mind you, all of these exercises were meant to train warriors. The next few exercises were aimed towards ancient Persian warriors. The next part of the routine is the pulling of â€Å"Kabbadeh† or iron bow. This bow varies from 10-50kg (22-110 lbs) based on how many weights the bow has on the metallic chain. It is a very difficult exer cise and is only done by those who are masters at it.What you do with the bow is you put it at arm length away from your body, and you shake it violently in a 360 degree motion around your head. You do this until you cannot do it anymore. As you can see, this becomes extremely tiring, working the triceps, chest and shoulders heavily. This trains power and endurance because you are using high weights at a high velocity of shaking while doing it for a long period of time. This exercise is meant to be done in minutes not seconds. To also help balance, some athletes spin in a circle while shaking the bow. What I feel is the most demanding upper body exercises is one of the last ones.This is a unilateral push of shields or â€Å"sang†. These wooden shields are about 20kg a piece, totaling to a 90 lbs. press. Each arm extends with the shield in hand while doing what is widely known as a Russian twist. The athlete may not let the two shields touch and the shields may not touch the g round until they do the minimum of 50 double rotations. This is seen as a major disrespect to the gym. It is clear already that this exercise works endurance and not so much power because there are so many repetitions. The person (with their legs elevated 6 inches above ground) twists their body while simultaneously pushing the latter shield upwards.This unilateral push works out the chest and triceps while the elevated legs work the core. As you can see, this, along with other Iranian exercises stretches the body while simultaneously working the upper body. Another way of lifting them is straight up, just like a dumbbell unilateral bench press, but that is used more with the novices. Immediately following this is a round of â€Å"Koshti† or wrestling. The people in the Zurkhaneh are very tired and must use the rest of their body in the wrestling match, seeing as their upper body is completely worked.This leads into the final exercise. The last exercise, which is part of the warm down, is a walk that gradually increases to a run and finally to a sprint around the room. In no part of this training session do they do a static stretch. This shows how even in the ancient times, they knew that stretching and warming down with movement was beneficial to muscle repair. After the run, the athletes proceed to do jumping activities and sprints. The most enjoyable part of this exercise is at the end where the athletes get in a circle and massage each other down.They tend to focus on the upper body, seeing as most of the workout was aimed towards upper body performance. This massaging helps reduce muscle pain after the training session and in the morning. The training in these â€Å"Houses of Strength† show that there were ancient ways of weight training and that even without modern science, the ideals of strength and fitness remained the same. The Iranian heroic training stresses upper body lifting as well as the importance of core exercises. A heavy traini ng of balance, endurance, and the triceps is used because in wrestling and battle they are essential to victory.Overall this weight training technique is effective because of its effect on the toning and conditioning of humans and their muscles. The â€Å"Varzesh-e-Pahlavani† is a pioneer of modern weight training. Works Cited www. pahlavani. com/ www. zurkhaneh. com Koozehchian, Hashem & Izadi, Behzad, Zoorkhaneh: The Iranian Traditional Gymnasium Amirtash, Ali-Mohamad, Zoorkhaneh and Varzesh-E-Bastani, Video Reference http://resistancetraining. wordpress. com/2006/11/19/traditional-iranian-martial-arts-varzesh-e-pahlavani/

Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Essay Example

Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Essay Example Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Paper Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Paper 6-hexadecimal, Noah(s), 5% sebaceous chloride in hexane, glacial acetic acid, concentrated HOSES, cotton balls, acetic anhydride, CHICHI Procedure: For the synthesis of polystyrene, 10 ml styrene and 20 ml of 1 M Noah solution was placed in separators funnel and they were shaded for several times. Aqueous layer was discarded. The styrene layer was washed with water and dried with Cacao(s). The styrene was placed in 100 ml flask and 25 ml xylem and 7-8 drops of the t-butyl probationer was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The solution was cooled to room temperature. Half of the mixture was poured into a beaker with 100 ml methanol. The white precipitate was collected using suction filtration and dried. A small amount of remaining polystyrene solution was poured onto a watch glass to observe the film. For the synthesis of nylon 6, 10, 10 ml of a 5% was laced in a 50 ml beaker. One pellet Noah was added with swirling to dissolve. 10 ml of 5% sebaceous chloride in hexane was added carefully to the beaker. The interface (Nylon 6,1 0) was pulled out between organic and aqueous layer with a bent spatula. The layers were then stirred vigorously to obtain a ball of nylon and dried. For the synthesis of cellulose, 5 ml of glacial acetic acid, 1 drop of con. HOSES and 1 Goff cotton balls was added was added in a stopped conical flask maintained at 70-ICC water bath for 20 minutes. Acetic anhydride (5 ml) as then added to the re-stopper flask and was placed in water bath with occasionally stirring for 20 min. 15 drops water was added to the flask and the unstopped flask was placed in water bath for 5 min. 50 ml water was added to the solution. Cellulose triplicate was collected by suction filtration which was washed with water. 18 ml CHICHI and 2 ml methanol were mixed and heated to a boil. Cellulose triplicate was added to obtain saturated solution and the beaker was removed from heat. Some anhydrous Nassau was added. The solution was filtered onto a water glass producing a film from the surface. Result and Discussion: For part A (synthesis of polystyrene), two layers were observed when styrene and Noah(aqua) were added to a separators funnel for extraction. The upper layer was yellow and lower layer was colorless. Same result was observed when washing with water. During the reflux, solution was changed from pale yellow to colorless. After reflux, a big white precipitate was formed when methanol was added. The product was adhered on the surface of filter paper during suction filtration. From the watch glass, a colorless film of polystyrene was observed. For part B (synthesis of Nylon 6, 10), when sebaceous chloride was added to Noah in 1, 6-hexadecimal, two layers was generated with little gas. Little heat was also produced. The interface between organic layer and aqueous layer was milky. The nylon 6, 10 was white strands. For part C (synthesis of cellulose triplicate), after acetic anhydride was added to the mixture and warmed by water bath for 20 miss, the cotton balls were dissolved to orange-brown solution. The white precipitates were produced after 1 5 drops of water for hydrolysis were added. After adding about 50 ml of water, he white-grey cellulose triplicate precipitates were generated. After cellulose triplicate was added to the mixture of CHICHI and methanol, the solution changed from colorless to pale brown. After some anhydrous Nassau were added, the solution became like glue. The white film was produced from the surface when the solution was filtered. In part A (polystyrene), Noah was added to remove inhibitor from styrene in order to undergo radical mechanism. It is because in order to prevent the styrene from popularizing during storage, the chemical 4-tablecloths is added nice it is a radical inhibitor (also known as a good chain terminator). Some inhibitors may be polar which can be dissolved in Noah. Water was then added to remove excess Noah in the solution. Xylem was added as a solvent to dissolve polystyrene as both of them are organic. But the polystyrene cannot be dissolved in methanol so after that some methanol was added during experiment, the white polystyrene was precipitated out. The colorless clear film adhered on the filter paper appeared because popularization occurs causing the solution to thicken and the viscosity to increase. Synthesis of polystyrene: The formation of radical initiator: Overall: Styrene polystyrene t-butyl probationer acts as radical initiator because it contains -0-0- group which is very unstable and reactive. Polystyrene was formed a large molecules (styrene) composed of repeating structural units. Synthesis of Nylon 6, 10: The synthetic polymers are classified by their method of synthesis. The synthetic method of polystyrene is chain-growth whereas that of nylon is step-growth. When mixing Noah and sebaceous chloride, two layers were formed. During the axing, the heat was produced. The formation of heat is due to the formation of amide bond, which is exothermic. The nylon 6, 10 was formed in the interface which was milky. Because of the way polypeptides are formed, nylon would seem to be limited to unbranded, straight chains. The nylon 6,10 can form H-bond due to amide group so the textile is very tough. Cellulose triplicate, also known simply as triplicate, CAT and TACT, is manufactured from cellulose and a source of acetate esters, typically acetic anhydride. The triplicate is derived from cellulose which come from the starting trial, cotton balls in this experiment, via activation mechanism. The cellulose acetate is dissolved in a mixture of deceleration and methanol for spinning. Cellulose is mainly obtained from wood pulp and cotton. For the process of generation of cellulose triplicate, the glacial acetic acid and con. HOSES were used to provide acidic medium for the action of acetic anhydride. When adding acetic anhydride, the cotton balls were dissolved into brown glue solution. It is because activation occurred.

Useful Hacks for Improving Your Life

Useful Hacks for Improving Your Life How to Stay Alert and Energetic for The Rest of Your Life? To have a constant supply of energy and feel a rush of power is not nonsense, and not a miracle, but a real or even normal state for a person. Anyone can achieve anything if they manage to overcome laziness and push away the potential obstacles to its productivity. By the way, productivity directly depends on the energy reserve of a person. And productivity, as we know, is almost the most important for each of us, and thanks to it we learn, work, achieve goals and conquer peaks. The problem is that each new day we notice is an increase in inactivity and indifference among people. Well, if the growing egoism in people because of the development of technology can still be forgiven, then indifference to one's own health is already frightening and even pissing. People are stuck in the comfort zone and are ready to sit in one position for the rest of their days. And how can those people believe that a constant surge of wakefulness exists? In this article, we try to inform that you constantly saving and accumulating energy is possible when following several simple rules. If you want to boost your energy level, then the provided information is for you. I Want to Become More Energetic: What Have I Do? The first and most important question that you must ask yourself: what am I doing all day? Perhaps, at first it will be difficult for you to get an answer, but in the course of self-examination you will understand that very often your time is simply wasted on unnecessary things, and by itself, the energy is also exhausted. So, you can determine what kind of person you are. There is one very interesting typology, according to which there are a jelly-filled human and a human hacker. Let’s review them both and maybe you'll learn if you belong to any of these categories. 1. A jelly-fish human is someone who usually refuses any physical activity, though understands its value and benefit. Jelly-fish humans have little energy, are afraid of changes, unpredictable situations, and risks. This results in disorders, illnesses such as a heart disease, obesity, dementia, or depression. 2. A hacker is a person who is constantly improving his or her life by taking challenges, searching adventures and gaining vital experience. Hackers have a sufficient amount of energy and generally a better health condition. Analyze your lifestyle, the level of physical and mental activity, potential sources of stress, and determine which category you belong to. Be honest with yourself, because your health and life depend on it. Valuable Tips for Boosting Energy 1. Exercise. The most helpful tip here is to exercise every day. Despite boosting energy and improving metabolism, this will help raise your mood and increase productivity for the whole day ahead. If you practice exercising at least 30 minutes a day, you will soon become a healthier person. 2. Run. Running is one of the most beneficial physical activities. It helps with blood circulating, losing weight, and recovery of nerve cells. 3. Sleep a lot. Sleep is a condition in which the brain actively works, helping the body to restore strength and energy spent for the day. So, in order to be active and stay awake for long - sleep at least 7-8 hours a day. 4. Improve your posture. Watch your posture and constantly improve it to avoid problems with the spine and nervous system. Believe me, good posture is the way to perfect health. 5. Drink more water. Water is necessary for every living organism to support its vital functions. Drinking enough water means giving your body a clear energy to perform any tasks. 6. Stand while working. A sedentary lifestyle, as well as a sedentary posture at work, negatively affects your physical and mental health. Therefore, try to stand while you work or so some exercises. 7. Stop worrying. Each of us has lots of problems that make us worry or panic. If you continue worrying about anything, you will lose energy faster and want to sleep. Practice meditation and a positive thinking. 8. Use smart drugs and vitamins. The last ways to boost energy are the so-called â€Å"smart drugs† and vitamins. Such supplements like Aniracetam and Piracetam help enhance memory, working performance and activity, and vitamin B-12 are great for getting an immediate energy boost and improve cognitive functions.

Child Labour Result Of Globalization Research Paper

Child Labour Result Of Globalization - Research Paper Example Child labor leads to violation of natural right of human beings, is unethical, increases poverty, damages the image of a nation and organization and causes health issues for children. Child labor is promoted because of its short term benefits including, decrease in poverty, increase and increase in economic development. This paper will discuss the impact of globalization on child labor, the consequences associated with it and the arguments in the favor of child labor along with a conclusion. Globalization Promotes Child Labor Introduction International labor organization defines child labor as tasks that are denying children with the right to have a childhood and tasks that are not good for the mental and physical health of the children (International Labor Organization (a), 2013). Globalization leads to increase in exchange of goods, services and ideas between different countries (Ritzer, 2012). Cigno states that increase in globalization has resulted in heavy debate over whether gl obalization is increasing or decreasing the incidences of child labor (Cigno, 2002). Those in the favor of globalization believe that globalization leads to decrease in child labor. ... They state that if parents perceive that the return of education is lower than the return gained through their child’s labor, they tend to send their children for work. Globalization leads to increase in incidences of child labor and child labor should not be practiced because it deprives children from deciding what is good and bad for them, it promotes poverty and intervenes in the cognitive and physical development of children, children are made to work in hazardous conditions, child labor is unethical and destroys the image of the nation that is practicing it. Body Globalization as a Cause of Child Labor Globalization has been held responsible for increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. World Bank states that the per capita income throughout the world of developed nations was 120 times higher than the poor nations during 1990 and this gap increased by 2 times within a period of 9 years (Raghavan, 2002). Since globalization leads to increase in the level of inequal ity as well as poverty, it even results in increased usage of child labor. According to the Government of India, a huge portion of the work that was paid and conducted outside the households have shifted to work that is being conducted within the households. Due to this, several activities such as making of carpets, matches and glass are conducted within the household and heavy populations of children are involved in this work. According to Kailash Satyarthi as the profits obtained from the international market rises, the use of child labor even increases and this is why there has been a tremendous amount of increase in the number of children working in industries that are export oriented in

How are we best to describe the actions of a serial killer Essay

How are we best to describe the actions of a serial killer - Essay Example Criminologist Eric Hickey’s database research on the demographics of serial killing highlights that 88% are male and 85% Caucasian and average age of 28.5 (E, Hickey. 2006). In terms of victim selection, Hickey’s empirical research further demonstrates that 62% target strangers exclusively and another 22% kill at least one stranger (E, Hickey. 2006). Additionally, 71% of the killers operated in a specifically targeted location or area, rather operating in multiple locations. Moreover, Wilson further refers to the â€Å"cooling off period† and patterns of similarity in the method of killing (D, Wilson. 2001). Reference is made to serial killer Wayne Gacy who would gag victims with their own underwear in order that they would die in their own vomit (J. Silverman, D. Wilson, 2002). Notwithstanding criminological observations regarding parallel trends in serial killer behaviour, scientific findings regarding physiological causal factors remain inconclusive to describe the motivations behind the actions of a serial killer (Vronsky 2004). Indeed, the attempts of social science, biological and criminological theory to explain differences between male and female violence in context of serial killers further highlights the flawed attempt to propound a conclusive and all encompassing rationale to explain the actions of serial killers (Vronsky 2004).

The Joy Luck Club Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Joy Luck Club - Research Paper Example According to him, the ‘matrilineal’ connection between the mother and daughter has not only been portrayed through the stories, but the direction of photography and the visuals scenes are very well organized. Each of the stories have been interlinked very beautifully which makes this movie all the more popular among the viewers. The director chose the actors very carefully because they needed to play the roles and get into the shoes of the characters in order to play their part properly (Li). The second article was published by John Mullan, who described the narration of the movie in a very interesting way and how the mothers played the most important role in the movie. According to Mullan, the story has been divided into two parts. The first and the last parts are essentially the stories of the four mothers and how they met each other frequently over a card game. The second and third parts in the film depict the lives of the daughters and how they describe their ‘silently soup eating father’ who watch the game of their mothers. Interestingly, the movie has concentrated upon the lives of the women, but no importance has been given to the men of the society (Mullan). The third article was published on a website called Turner Classic Movies (www.tcm.com) where more importance was given in understanding how the movie was prepared with the help of the earlier published book. According to the website, the project was initially rejected, but as the book started becoming popular and was later translated into 23 languages worldwide after being in the NewYork best seller weeks for 75 weeks, there were second thoughts about directing the movie. After the popularity of the movie, the Oscar winning director, Ronald Bass also helped Wayne Wang (director) and Amy Tan (author) in writing the screenplay of the movie (Passafiume). The last article in this research study is more like a movie review of the

Stages of Policy Making: Immigration Policy

Stages of Policy Making: Immigration Policy Five Stages of Policy-Making Process An on-going policy issue that is at the forefront of diverse opinions in Congress is the Immigration Policy issue. Immigration influx began during the Second World War, which led to the need of having policies to regulate the influx. The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act set the guiding principles of immigration in the United States. The five stages of the Immigration Policymaking are explained below (Migration Information Source, 2013). Identify Policy Objective According to McCabe (2010), the major issue that has led to the need for immigration policies is the illegal immigration and large influx of immigrants from Mexico in search for better wages. Illegal immigrants enter US using fraudulent documents, overstaying visa durations and illegally crossing land borders. Illegal immigration continues to date due to the economic upward growth in the agricultural and construction sector that demands for semi-skilled labour. Secondly, the issue of terrorism is largely affected by immigration. The 9/11 attack led to the formation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003. They have the mandate of overseeing entry of people and goods at entry points, enforcing the customs and immigration requirements in the USA. Additionally, the DHS adjudicates the immigration benefits applications like visa, asylum and naturalization (Migration Information Source, 2013). America is also the leading countries of refugees, providing the protection for political and religious victims. They provide refugee resettlement and asylum which has been a conflicting issue in the Immigration Bill (McCabe, 2010). Policy Formation Russell (2012) indicates that the most convenient way of immigrating is employment-based and family-based channels. Family-based immigration has no numerical restrictions, but there must be sponsoring of a relative for approval. Employment-based immigrations are aimed to uphold the nation’s economic demands. It is limited to 140,000 visas annually. Employment-based green cards are available for workers, mainly sponsored by their employers. Secondly, many immigrants are legalised through the method of the diversity visa lottery. The numbers of people who are naturalized are restricted by per country limits and numerical ceilings. According to the Immigration Bill, refugees are granted all humanitarian help in a foreign country and are resettled in the US. The Congress and the president set the refugee admission ceiling yearly. Noncitizens residing in the US for studies, work or tourism, are eligible for the non-immigrant status. This status has restrictive terms and conditions related to duration of stay. The majority of non-immigrants are tourists and students. The increase in student visas has been led by a rise in students from China (Russell, 2012). Adopting The Best Solution Notably, the Obama administration enacted the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2012 (Russell, 2012). The program protected young illegal immigrants from being deported and forced to work. However, this program applied only to those who came to USA as children, received education, and pose no threat to security. Policies such as the Children Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and No Child Left Behind Act were enacted to safeguard the interests of the immigrants and their smoother integration (Russell, 2012). The Congress is continuing in ensuring the rights of immigrants are upheld because of the immense effect the immigrants have on elections. The Latino voting population was 12 million, which consisted of ten Percent of the total voting population. The Democrats and Republicans are pushing for immigration reforms so as to win the allegiance of minority groups (Migration Information Source, 2013). Implementing Immigration, integration is one aspect of immigration policies that is highly underfunded and only target small groups. Hospitals, churches, schools and other groups have taken center stage to initiate the integration of immigrants through English classes, health clinics and training of the immigrants. The government is ensuring illegal immigration reduces through enforcing stricter measures in visa screening, border patrol, employment enforcement. Also, there are removal and deportation of criminals who have violated immigration regulations. Additionally, these measures are focused mainly on the US-Mexican Border. The government has invested billions in infrastructure, technology and personnel for the Border Patrol (Russell, 2012). Evaluating Policy Directives The refugee admission number is flexible and is subject to review annually by the president and the Congress. The Federal government is sensitive to changing political and religious situations in other countries and seek to enhance democracy to all people. Programs such as the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program are an indication of the measures taken by the Federal government in evaluating the rights and restrictions of immigrants (Migration Information Source, 2013). References Infoplease (2005). Marbury v. Madison case. Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar20.html. Migration Information Source. (2013) Immigration in the United States: New Economic, Social, Political Landscapes with Legislative Reform on the Horizon. Retrieved from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigration-united-states-new-economic-social-political-landscapes-legislative-reform Burt, L. Batalova, J. ( 2014).Refugees and Asylees in the United States.Retrieved from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/refugees-and-asylees-united-states This Day in History. (2009). Marbury V. Madison Establishes Judicial Review. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marbury-v-madison-establishes- judicial-review Banning of the Festival of Basant: The Debate Banning of the Festival of Basant: The Debate â€Å"Depriving us from celebrating Basant is tantamount to depriving us of our fundamental rights,† Punjab Governor Salmaan Taseer said. The festival of Basant was banned in Pakistan in 2005. Apart from the fact that the ban itself was not fully justified, it not only meant the loss of revenue from the tourism sector but also of discarding of our centuries old tradition. Culture is what defines us in this age and Basant is part of our culture; hence banning Basant just because the State is incapable of controlling its adverse effects is unjustifiable. Most importantly, the imposition of ban itself is not fully justified as the decision to ban Basant was not neutral and was influenced to serve the purpose of our politicians. â€Å"The current ban on Basant, the world famous kite-flying festival of Lahore, appears to be more an outcome of political tussle between two political forces of the country than anything else (Qadeer 7).† The ban on Basant is not an outcome of pure decision making based on its pros and cons; instead the decision is politically influenced. Basant marks the arrival of spring and is a symbol of joy and happiness. It is an integral part of our culture, heritage and lifestyle and nobody has the right to rob us from it. Basant is deeply rooted in peoples psyche and lifestyle. Majority of the public is not only against the ban on Basant but is offended by this government decision. Mian Ejaz, acting district coordination officer during the DCOs absence said, â€Å"Basant should not be banned because it attracts people from all over the world and is a cultural event.† He lamented about grave problems caused by Basant but also said that the public was unwilling to support such a ban (Ali 7). Basant has been in our tradition from a long time and has become a custom and very important part of our lives. But there are some people, particularly those with strong religious assocaition, who raise the point that Basant being a Hindu festival should be banned. Actually this is not the case; these are just illogical accusations made by these people to show their importance in the community. The Hindu festival which these people refer to is ‘Vasant Panchami which is also called Basant.   According to the article ‘Tracing the Origin of Basant, written by Dr. Shaukat Mahmood, Vasant Panchami is a Hindu festival which is about celebrating the glory of Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, music and art. In India particularly in Indian Bengal, during this festival children are taught to write their first words; Brahmins are fed; ancestors worship is performed; the god of love Kamadeva is worshipped. The festival Hindus celebrate is limited to worshipping, wearing same color clothes and relatives gathering at one place. There is no sign of kite flying in their festival which clearly shows that our tradition is different from theirs. Basant is one of the biggest festivals in the country and is also recognized world wide. It is a sport which mainly exists in Pakistan but is well known to the rest of the world. It is a colorful festival consisting not only of kite flying but also of music, dancing and dinners. People gather together to enjoy and celebrate the arrival of spring. Yasir Qadeer states that, â€Å"It attracts tourists, not just locally but from all over the world (7).†Because of the uniqueness of Basant, people from around the world visits Pakistan to participate in the most awaited event. According to Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab, the Basant Kite Festival held in Lahore has become such a major tourist attraction that people flock from countries worldwide to participate in this unique occasion. The increase in tourism due to Basant in turn boosts the economy of Pakistan and improves the standard of living. Another reason why Basant should not be banned is the amount of revenue generated from it is enormous. There are several ways in which revenue is generated during the Basant. Thousands of people travel and visits Pakistan to join in the festival. The revenue generated from the rental of accommodation facilities significantly increases during Basant festival because of the increased tourists. Revenue generation during Basant is not only limited to kite flying activities . During the festival a lot of events take place such as musical events and also the food streets are jammed packed with people. â€Å"The intense economic activity that went with Basant (trade, travel, hotel, tourism, shopping, etc.) was touching the $ 250 million mark — not bad, for a week-long celebration. To top it off various other quality festivals started around the Basant bonanza (notably the music conference and the international drama and puppet festival) (Mirza 3).† However, there is some opposition and criticism about the Basant being not profitable, rather resulting in losses due to damages done to the electric wires and poles. According to Ali Pervaiz, a newspaper reporter, â€Å"Basant also faced opposition from Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and itsdistribution companiesmainly the Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) and GujranwalaElectric Power Company(GEPCO) as kite flying also resulted in frequent power tripping besides damaging the sensitive installations of WAPDA and its companies.† The main cause of this power failure is the use of metallic or chemical-coated string. These strings, when come in contact with electric wire, cause the wire to tear which result in power tripping. But this is a problem which can be easily resolved. By introducing and properly implementing a law which imposes a ban on the use of such types of strings can result in overcoming the power failure issue and countering the claims made by t hese companies. Kite flying business is a very large one. The industry related to it is massive with a very large market. About a week or two before the Basant, shopkeepers start to make preparations for selling kites and twine. Huge numbers of shops are set up and people invest millions of rupees in the trade. Many people are employed in the factories in which kites and twine are manufactured. â€Å"String and kite makers are working overtime on roadsides and in small factories in places like Shahdara, Murdike, Baghbanpura, Ichhra and Shadbagh. Kite making has become a sort of cottage industry involving even women and children the year round (Hanif 6).† So banning Basant, would lead to loss of employment for thousand of workers hence worsening their financial condition. For example, during the Basant the owners of the previously abandoned and dilapidated houses in Gowalmandis food street become rich overnight as many multi-national companies hustle to rent their rooftops for the occasion. Th e ban on Basant would affect them along with other in the kite flying business very roughly. The main incidents that lead to the ban on Basant were the use of the metallic and chemical-coated twine. Basant was officially banned in 2005 when a great deal of people in various cities including Rawalpindi lost their lives due to metallic or chemical-coated string that cuts instantly through the flesh like a sharp-edged weapon. Main issue regarding the ban was the damages that these razor-sharp strings caused. Many people lost their lives and many were severely injured when they came in contact with this twine while walking on roads or travelling on motorcycles. But banning is not the solution. Government should restrict the use of these types of strings. Also during these two days of kite flying, government should set a curfew on the people walking and driving motorcycles because most of the accidents happen to them. The government should alternatively provide free public bus transport during these days to accommodate those who want to travel. In conclusion, Basant should not be banned as it creates revenue for a country and is most importantly a part of our culture. To ban Basant is just like erasing an integral part of our culture which is unacceptable. Yes, there have been many unfortunate incidents in the recent past but banning Basant because of them is not the solution. For example, no government has banned flying of aircraft because some planes have crashed in the history. They rather focused on making flying a safer experience.Likewise, the government should focus on making this festival safer by reducing losses incurred to life and property to the minimum. Designated grounds should be prepared for flying kites and citizens who wish to participate in the activity should be facilitated to do so in safety in these designated areas. â€Å"Banning a festival which was like the smile of a child in spirit is too harsh a step——akin to rendering the city soulless† (Qadeer 7). Work Cited Qadeer, Yasir. Holi In Sky.Nation5 Mar. 2010. Print. Ali, Aayan. Ban on Basant Should There Be One or Not.Daily times11 Dec. 2004. Print. Mahmood, Shaukat. Tracing the Origin of Basant.The Nation Sunday Plus6 Mar. 2010. Print. Mirza, Nasir Abbas. Reasons behind the Basant Ban.Daily times31 Mar. 2010. Print. Hanif, Intikhab. Prepare for Basant, Come What May.Dawn5 Feb. 2002. Print.