Machiavelli and Amorality essays

Machiavelli and Amorality essays Machiavellis treatment of ethics and morality is amoral. This is so because he simply talks about what it takes to be an effective leader. In no way is Machiavelli promoting immorality. He speaks of immorality acts in order for a ruler to serve the greater good of his people. He looks at politics without moral immoral thoughts. To argue that Machiavelli is amoral, one must understand how he treats religion and the primary source of moral standards that he has established in his amoral context. He stands by what must be done in order for a leader to be effective and lead his people. The Prince is a great guide for efficient and successful government. The goal Machiavellis overall point is to stay in power; any means necessary to accomplish these goals are acceptable. He clearly sees the importance of force when he states, Moses, Cyrus, Thesus, nor Romulus would have been able to make their peoples obey their new structures of authority for long had they been unarmed.(Wootton 20) And again, when he says the main foundation which all states must have, whether new, or old, or mixed, is good laws and good armies.(Wootton 38) He stresses the importance of the army to the extent of excluding any possible good laws where there are not good armies in which he concentrates his attention on describing its merits. He rejects the use of armies made up of mercenaries and considers them useless for maintaining security and stability. Mercenaries are motivated by their small stipend which is not enough to make them willing to die for you he also adds There is no difficulty in demonstrating the truth if this; for the present ruins of Italy can be attributed to nothing else. (Wootton 38) One could conceived this as immoral of Machiavelli to speak of mercenaries, but the fact of the matter is to maintain a resolute government you need dedicated soldiers who will at the drop of a dime will...

What Is a Valedictorian Defining High Schools Top Honor

What Is a Valedictorian Defining High School's Top Honor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips High school academics can be very competitive for driven students who hope to earn the coveted title of valedictorian. But how exactly do high schools choose valedictorians? Does the title mean anything for college applications? In this article, I’ll give you the details on what it means to be a valedictorian, how valedictorians are chosen, and whether this is a critical factor in the college admissions process. What Is a Valedictorian in High School? If you are named valedictorian, it usually means that you have reached the highest level of academic achievement out of all the students in your class.At some schools, multiple students are named valedictorians.Valedictory honors are determined by GPA, which may be measured differently depending on your high school.I’ll go over more specifics about variations in policy in the next section. The high school valedictorian traditionally delivers a speech (the â€Å"valedictory† speech) at graduation.Fun fact: The term valedictorian comes from the Latinvale dicere meaning â€Å"to say farewell† since the valedictorian usually delivers the last speech at the ceremony. How Are High School Valedictorians Chosen? The valedictorian will almost always be the student in your class who has the highest GPA, but GPA can be measured on more than one scale (and sometimes schools have more than one valedictorian!).If your school uses weighted GPAs, meaning students in higher level classes can earn higher GPAs, the valedictorian is virtually guaranteed to be the student who has earned the highest grades in the most difficult classes.Weighted GPAs are typically measured on a 5-point scale, with a 5.0 being equivalent to an A in an Honors or AP class. Other schools use an unweighted GPA scale, meaning that course levels are not taken into account when calculating GPA.On an unweighted scale, GPAs only go up to a 4.0, which is equivalent to an A in any class regardless of level.In this case, the valedictorian could be a student who was in lower level classes but earned all A's. In recent years, some high schools have adopted the policy of naming multiple students valedictorians.Since college admissions are so competitive now, more and more students are pushing themselves to achieve high levels of academic success in high school.By naming multiple valedictorians, schools acknowledge the impressive achievements of severalstudents in a more equitable manner and reduce pressure and competition.Sometimes valedictory honors are given to all students who achieve straight A averages or to several students who have all earned the same top GPAs. In this case, there might not be an actual valedictory speech (unless all the valedictorians write a speech together and say it in unison, which would be really creepy, so I’m all for it).The policy of naming multiple valedictorians has faced criticism from those who argue that it simply points to rampant grade inflation and devalues the title of valedictorian. However, when GPAs are only separated by tiny fractions of points, it may make sense to recognize more than one student with this honor. There are also policy variations in which classes count towards the GPA that determines class ranking.Some schools might only include grades from courses in core subject areaswhile others may include both core classes and electives.You can check with your guidance counselor to see what your school’s policies are. Since the valedictorian is usually the studentranked #1 in each class, it’s not easy to predict what GPA you’ll need in order to earn the title. You may have heard about students who were valedictorians of past classes but earned a lower GPA than the student ranked fifth in your class.Some classes are more or less competitive than others! If you wanna be the top goat (which I think is what valedictorians should really be called), you may have to lock horns with other super driven students in your class. Relax nerds, there's no actual physical activity involved. What About Salutatorians? What Other Ranking-Based Honors Do High Schools Offer? Valedictorian isn't the only title that students can earn for academic achievements in high school. At most schools, the salutatorian is the student ranked second in the class after the valedictorian.Usually, the salutatorian will also give a speech at graduation.Salutatorians are slightly cooler than valedictorians. (Okay, I'm biased because I was salutatorian in high school, but let's face it, it's kind of true.) Some high schools will also offer Latin honors to students who achieve certain GPAs.You may have heard of this practice in the context of college academics.Students are given the titles of cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude as markers of their academic achievements.Different high schools will have different GPA thresholds for each honor.At a school with weighted GPAs, for example, students who earn GPAs above a 3.6 might be cum laude, students who earn GPAs above a 4.0 might be magna cum laude, and students who earn GPAs above a 4.4 might be summa cum laude. These honors are also sometimes given out based on class rank percentile. A school that organizes honorsthis way might decide that the top 5% of the class is considered summa cum laude, the top 10% is magna cum laude, and the top 25% is cum laude. If your high school doesn't have Latin honors, that’s not a big deal.It’s just another way of recognizing students with high GPAs who have worked hard but haven’t quite reached the level of valedictorian or salutatorian. The only Latin phrase that most of us know. Seize the carp. That's what it means, right? What Are the Benefits of Being Named Valedictorian? The title of valedictorian, as we have seen, can mean different things depending on your high school.It’s an impressive honor, but the title alone shouldn’t make much of an impact on your chances of college admission. If you're a valedictorian, you will have a very high GPA (and probably high test scores as well), and those qualifications will be the things that actually get you into selective colleges. When you first apply to college, you won't know yet whether you're valedictorian or not, and neither will the schools.You won't find out for sure until the spring when you've already received admissions decisions from colleges. Because the GPAs of valedictorians can vary from year to year, the title means far less than the grades that got you there.This is especially true in the context of the new trend of naming multiple valedictorians; the term is more watered down than it used to be. Even though it might not matter that much in college admissions, there are other benefits to being named valedictorian. You may be eligible for special scholarships at the colleges where you've been accepted because of your status as a valedictorian. This is common at public universities that hope to lure in high-achieving students with tuition deals. You'll also be recognized for all of your hard work and get to deliver a speech to your entire class.It’s a great opportunity to tell some hilarious jokes and/or send a meaningful message.I would recommend telling jokes because you’ll be remembered as the only non-boring part of graduation.If the thought of giving a speech makes you want to puke, then this might not be a plus, but it really is a good chance for you to be honest and share your reflections on the last four years. Deliver your valedictorian speech while decked out in full clown makeup. Give the people what they want. What Should You Do If You Want to Be Valedictorian? If you have your sights set on the title of high school valedictorian, you should be prepared to challenge yourself. Students who become valedictorians begin and end their high school careers in the toughest classes with the highest grades.For an overview of some of the skills and study habits you should adopt if you hope to be at the top of your class, take a look at my article onhow to get good grades in high school. Also, try to keep things in perspective. Don't sacrifice your mental health in the name of your goal - it's not worth it just for the recognition. Your goal should motivate you to stay engaged in your school work and challenge yourself, but it shouldn't make you break down in tears because you have to spend eight hours on homework every night. Only you know what your limits are and what you can handle. If you push your intellectual boundaries and maintain high grades, you will be accepted to some great colleges whether or not you end up becoming valedictorian. Exercise your brain, but give it some down time once in a while to keep it healthy and happy. Conclusion At most high schools, the valedictorian is the top student in the class as determined by GPA.Some schools use weighted GPAs while others use unweighted GPAs, and this may affect the type of student who ends up as valedictorian.Some schools even name multiple valedictorians to recognize exceptional academic achievements by more than one student.The valedictorian is traditionally asked to give a speech at graduation. You don’t have to be valedictorian or salutatorian of your high school to be accepted to a highly selective college!Since the GPA of the valedictorian at any given high school will vary from year to year, colleges don’t assume that everyone who ends up as a valedictorian should be admitted or that students who aren’t given the highest honors in their class should be denied.If you consistently work hard in your classes and earn high grades, you'll be rewarded in the college application process even if you're not the valedictorian. What's Next? Valedictorian may be the top honor, but your class rank still might be important even if you're not number one. Learn more about what a good class rank is in this article. Are you curious about where you stand with your GPA? Here's a step by step guide for how to calculate your cumulative GPA based on your high school grades so far. If your GPA is lower than you would like, read this guide to learn some strategies that will help you improve! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Morrisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morrisons - Essay Example It also plans to train more than 12,000 people butchery and bakery skills as well as customer service are well behind that of Asda’s which intends to train 5,000 people (Berman, 2010). The company’s vision is to make its way to the â€Å"Big Three†, attain a higher market share than its three main rivals; 16.4pc at third-placed J Sainsbury, 16.9pc at Asda and 30.5pc at Tesco (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). As far as the strengths are concerned, the retailer owns 89% of its store portfolio (Datamonitor, 2011). Hence, there is little threat of takeover and greater security to investors in terms of security. Secondly, the value of Morrison’s property, plant and equipment assets is around  £7.5bn, higher than its current market capitalization (Datamonitor, 2011) . Its debt to equity ratio is mere 19% which is lowest in the industry (Datamonitor, 2011). Its profits before taxes are up by 45 per cent to  £449 million indicating positive growth (Datamonitor, 2011). Morrisons enjoys an enhanced/ up-market image of a more sophisticated store frequented by celebrities such as Lulu and Alan Hansen. The company was bestowed with ‘Retailer of the year’ award in 2008 which earned the company high goodwill (Datamonitor, 2011). As far as the weaknesses are concerned, Morrison’s does not have an internet home shopping business unlike its three larger rivals Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys (Boddy, 2005). This could put the company on the backburner as e-commerce is an ever-growing business as it gives greater convenience to customers along with a potential to tap international markets. Secondly, it does not have a loyalty card scheme such as Club card which Tesco has uses to track consumer trends and offer lapsing customers discounts (Thompson & Martin, 2010). Third, unlike Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys, Morrison’s does not have a meaningful non-food offer (Thompson & Martin, 2010). The company is

The Rhetoric of Pork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rhetoric of Pork - Essay Example Then he proposes some opinions and arguments to clarify making the avoidance from pork-consumption a commandment – they consume and stagger in smut, their flesh transmits disease – then enlightens why they mustn’t fulfill the logic. If there is a dire necessity, other farm animals will consume feces, moreover all undercooked meats have the possibility for scattering disease. The clarification he puts forth takes a methodology that has more to do with the economics and the assets needed to raise pigs for getting meat. Beasts that have ruminating bellies do quite fine with ingesting hard plants and grasses that human cannot consume, whereas pigs have bellies that resemble more with human beings and need to stake in the same food source. Pigs also need shadow or some exterior method of cooling their bodies, which is the reason they are observed to lurch in filth. Even the space is not well-matched for raising pigs, particularly with developing human inhabitants. Pig s flourish better in dense forests; whereas the needs of more human population causes woodlands to be wiped off to make room for harvesting fields. The area then starts to look more like a desert, plus it gets pricier to raise swine since their necessities are tougher to provide. In brief, Harris’ concept is that the prohibition of pigs arises out of the unwieldiness of nurturing them. It is very unlike the commonly supposed and argued cultural characteristic of not eating pigs. Jewish community in the United States, for instance, has no environmental need to keep abstinence from eating pork since the meat is supplied figuratively on a shoestring and American people on the whole are also not contending with pork for particular diets. Arguments of Mary Douglas Douglas proposed that food proscriptions sanctioned by religion as cited in Deuteronomy and Leviticus are amongst the resources by which particular groups uphold their preservations and exclusiveness, therefore providing them a robust identity or social emblems.  More tangibly, when a person declares his association with a certain group that he/she respects as his self-enclosed universe and outside whose boundaries he sees risk, menace, and hostility, he concurrently summons—openly or covertly—the many emblems of his social identity. There must be compactness between outrages that will make complete sense of all specific limitations. These prohibitions contaminate the individual, so by not consuming the vile animals, one can be clean or 'Holy', so these eating guidelines one way or another demonstrate holiness. Holiness is extensiveness, harmony, amalgamation, excellence. Holiness connotes protecting discrete classes of design. It includes specific definition, discernment and direction. The animals presented in sacrifice must be without imperfection, just like females must be cleaned after giving birth, so must the lepers be parted and ceremonially cleaned.  For instance, in the t ime of Leviticus, filthy lifestyles of a warrior prohibited him from combating. Animals that are hoofed and chew cud (sheep, cattle, goat, etc.) are  farm  animals used by the early Hebrews, therefore they are the appropriate food of these folks and a fragment of the social command. These are the means of support of the Israelites, so they are deliberated pure. The pig is also vile since it does not produce milk like cattle, yarn or hide like sheep so there is

Family and marriage ten theories Essay Example for Free

Family and marriage ten theories Essay 1. Family Ecology- The ecological context of the family affects family life and children’s outcomes. It explores how the family is influenced by the environment.This theory studies how family lives and decisions. It basically brings forth the idea that every choice that you make affects your family, your lifestyle, the surrounding events as well as historical events. Key Concepts Natural physical-biological environment- This concept deals with climate and climate change, soil, plants and animals. Social- Cultural environment- This concepts deals with human made things as well as cultural artifacts. Theorist/ Individual- This concept was discovered/ or created by ecologist Strength and Weaknesses- Some strengths of this theory is that What You Think- I think that this theory is totally correct. I feel like every choice I make does affect my family. It affects their lifestyle as well as how they view things, as well as how they form their opinions. These decisions that I am making now, affects how we live and will affect how they decide they will live when they get older. These decisions are things like, where we live, how we live, work ethics, as well as the food we eat. 2. The Family Life Course Development Framework Families experience predictable change over time. This basically brings forth the idea that families go thru unpredictable changes, which add and subtract from their family composition. This means birth, death and the leaving home of a family member. Key Concepts Family Life Course- Events that add and subtract from a family’s composition Developmental Tasks- tasks that have to be completed before you can transition to the next stage. On Time Transitions- Events that occur when they are supposed to, as opposed to being too early, or too late. Role Sequencing- The order in which major transitions take place. Theorist/ Individual- Life Course Therapist, and Ueker and Stokes Strength and Weaknesses Some of the strengths of this theory is that it analyzes the family as a unit. What You Think- This theory basically states that family life begins with marriage. This is crazy and untrue. I say this because nowadays family life begins when you have a kid as opposed to when you get married. 3. The Structure- Functional Perspective- The family performs essential functions for society. This deals with the way families fulfill basic societal needs, such as raising children responsibly, providing economical support, and emotional security. Key Concepts Social Institution- Family Structure Family Functions Functional Alternatives Theorist/ Individual- Social Scientist Strength and Weaknesses- Some of the strengths is that it analyzes the way families raise their kids, as well as how the family meets the needs of its members. The weaknesses of this theory is that it analyzes the family as a whole, as opposed to analyzes each person individually and how they deal with each other. What You Think- I think that each perspective is uniquely different and this perspective analyzes how families fulfill its members needs. The needs that they analyze, are basically what makes a family functional. These needs are things that each members needs to feel like they play a part in the unit. 4. The Interaction- Constructionist Perspective By means of interaction, humans construct socio-cultural meanings. The internal dynamics of a group of interacting individuals construct the family. Key Concepts Interaction Symbol Meaning Role Making Social Construction of Reality Destruction Postmodernism Theorist/ Individual Strength and Weaknesses- The strengths of this theory is that it looks at the family as a whole to see what is being done collectively to create the closeness. One of the weaknesses is that it does not look at the obvious, it should analyze the person that keeps the family together. Each member is following the lead of one person, who’s main goal is to keep the family together. What You Think- I think this theory basically analyzes family practices and what things, like rituals, bring them together, or create a apparent closeness. These are things that can be used to identify, or analyze another persons behavior, when they don’t come from a family like structure. 5. Exchange Theory- The resources that individuals bring to a relationship or family affect the formation,continuation, nature and power dynamics of a relationship. Social exchanges are compiled to create networks and social capital. This meaning that when people are engaged in social exchanges they limit their costs and maximize their rewards. Key Concepts Resources Rewards and Cost Family Power Social Networks Social Support Theorist/ Individual- Social Therapist Strength and Weaknesses- The strengths of this theory is that it analyzes relationships and people’s economic perspective on forming the relationships. The weaknesses are that the perspective analyzes the people’s economic perspective on forming relationships but it doesn’t analyze thoroughly what type of person they are, and how they attract friends, and form relationships. What You Think- I think this is a great theory. It basically means that when you are forming relationships with people you are analyzing what you can get from the relationship, as opposed to what you are giving in return, or what you have to bring to the table. It basically states the person with less committment to the relationship has more power.  This is because the person with less committments not the person competing for the relationship,as if they don’t care either way, whereas the other person actually cares and wants the relationship to bloom. 6. Family Systems Theory- The family as a whole is more than the sum of its parts. This meaning that the family, becomes whole, although it is comprised of interrelated parts. Key Concepts System- a combination of elements or components that are integrated and organized as a whole. Equilibrium- balance Boundaries- ideas about who is in the family and who is out  Family Therapy- Theorist/ Individual- Psychotherapist Strength and Weaknesses- Some of the strengths are that the theory is that it bases its theory off of research of the family and how it is comprised of different parts. One weakness is that it does not analyze the different personalities within the family as well as the family interactions to determine what keeps them balanced. What You Think- I think that the Family Systems theory is a theory that basically researches the family and it looks at a system as a combination of elements. This is good because it looks at how the family actually interacts together. 7. Conflict and Feminist Theory- Gender is central to the analysis of the family; male dominance in society and in the family is oppresive of women. It is the opposite of structure functional theory. The theory argues that human physiology, genetics, and hormones predisposed individuals to certain behaviors. Key Concepts Male dominance Power Inequality- Theorist/ Individual- theoretical scientist/ social scientist Strength and Weaknesses- Some strengths of these two theories are that they basically analyze what causes certain people to be treated unfair and unequally. It basically tries to ask and answer the question as to what makes males more dominant than females. One of the weaknesses is that it can not effectively  answer this problem, nor solve it because it still exists. What You Think- Conflict Theory analyzes unequal Power. Feminist Theory analyzes gender issues. 8. The Biosocial Perspective- Evolution of the human species has put in place certain biological endowments that shape and limit family life choices. Key Concepts Evolutionary heritage Genes Hormones Brain Processes Inclusive Fitness Theorist/ Individual- Behaviorist Strength and Weaknesses- One of the strengths is that it analyzes the fact that a persons environment helps shape them. One of the weaknesses is that their research found that they could not the factors considered were dependent upon each other, as opposed to just one. What You Think- I think that this theory basically analyzes how a person sees the world and how their behaviors are affected by their environment and family life. 9.Attachment Theory- Early Childhood experience with caregivers shape psychological attachment styles. This brings forth the idea that during infancy and childhood a young person develops a style of attaching to people. Key Concepts Secure Insecure Anxious Attachment Styles Theorist/ Individual- Behaviorist Strength and Weaknesses- some of the strengths are that it analyzes why kids act the way they do and how they get attached to people. The weaknesses are that it does not leave the door open to explain if they are conditions that worsen the child’s ability to attach to a person, or What You Think- I think that the theory is dead on and it explains why a child acts a certain way towards people they don’t know, meeting new people, and why they don’t want to be seperated from their care giver.

My Adventure with Drugs :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Adventure with Drugs My brother David decided one afternoon that he was going to take me on an adventure. He came to this decision after smoking pot and watching the Disney version of Alice in Wonderland. I, being a child of nine, thought it sounded fun. My parents weren't home and my brother was supposed to be watching me. Mom and Dad usually didn't like me going too far from the house when they weren't there. That's why I questioned was how long it would take. â€Å"We'll be back before they get home,† he told me. That sounded good to me. I said I'd go with him. We started off by walking over the hills and crossing the stream in the cow pasture that's across the road from my house. I showed him the group of trees near the far end of the field that was over grown and full of vines to swing on and logs to hide behind. I told him I called it Sherwood Forrest. It seemed like great news to him because he acted very excited, but to my disappointment we did not stop there. It seems that my brother had a destination in mind. We left the pasture and crossed through the corner of the forested ridges that begin around my house. We followed a path that my neighbor used to ride her horse on. We walked through freshly turned fields and grassy ones that had no productive purpose. Finally after all of the open land we ran into an obstacle. The obstacle is called route 283. My brother and I hopped the fence that is meant to keep people and animals away from the highway. It wasn't until my brother climbed the embankment and had a leg over the metal barrier set up to keep cars from crashing into the ditch I stood in that I had enough courage to ask him a question.

Responsibilities and boundaries would as a teacher Essay

For obvious reasons, H&S Toolbox talks have to address current legislation and topics covered in relevant Approved Codes of Practice. Also, due to the practicalities of taking employees away from their normal activities, courses have to be relevant, concise and deliver results. It follows therefore that planning and delivery in my profession is key to successful training. Planning Roles & Responsibilities In order to achieve a professional delivery, I will discuss in advance with each learner their precise needs from the course. Some learners will be young and apprehensive, while others may be more mature and overconfident. The course content must cater for this diversity. The course needs to address business interests whilst covering topical subjects within each field of learning. A robust lesson Plan, with special emphasis on practical skills will therefore be fundamental. Each training session is divided into sections which discuss what is currently happening in industry (accident statistics), what legislation is currently in place to prevent these accidents, and what the learner must do to adhere to best practice. Boundaries Probably the greatest amount of effort is put into making sure a group of learners are available at a precise time on a precise day. Business needs change daily and I must always have a contingency. (Fewer learners, different venue, different day †¦..) A range of material is prepared in advance (hand-outs, PowerPoint presentations and quizzes) to help get the message across. Some courses require the use of the workshop and it is essential to ensure that the training needs can be accommodated in parallel with normal work activities. Delivery Roles & Responsibilities Courses must be interesting enough to stimulate interaction. A variety of training aids will be used to achieve this. Courses will be changed every 24 months to ensures learners do not have to endure the same dialogue, etc.  Delivery will be focused and effective. Interaction is a predominant feature of my courses and helps to stimulate group learning Hand-outs that require learners to fill in missing words or spot hazards are fundamental to most of my courses. These can be done individually or in groups to begin with. Boundaries Attitude is rarely a problem in my current role. Often, younger learners do not have the necessary skills or experience to be blasà © in front of others, and older learners are quite happy to share their experiences from the real world. Money and resources for materials are accounted for in my annual budget. Actual costs (learners time away from work) is always agreed by the line managers. Current guidelines on training frequency give added support to my cause! Assess Roles & Responsibilities Most of my courses use a multi-choice questionnaire for instant results. This omits the writing/spelling concerns that may blight an otherwise competent person – â€Å"you don’t need to be academically astute to be able to do the job safely†. Some courses require more interaction than others. It is important therefore to keep precise notes on a learners contribution and ultimately, on their ability to comprehend the subject being taught. Boundaries Marking multi-choice questionnaires is straight-forward and fair. If marked within the group environment, it gives a further chance to discuss ‘wrong answers’ Notes taken in the taught session can be used to consolidate marking criteria. On occasions, learners may pass a formal course test, but the teachers may have concerns about actual ability. This information may be used to develop additional training needs. Evaluate Roles & Responsibilities Feed-back forms are considered invaluable in my company although they are not considered mandatory. Always allow time at the end of a session for them to be filled in. Oral feed-back from my groups is always useful. It is important not to put anyone under the spot light. Solicitous questioning often pays dividends. Sometimes doing a covert audit (to see if learners are  doing what they have been taught) is a good way to see if the course ‘lesson’ has been ab sorbed. Boundaries It is important to recognise that no matter how good the training material is, there may be a need to modify it to cater for different abilities. Each time the training material is modified, there is a supposition that it will appeal to, and cater for, a more focused audience.

Zurkhaneh

‘The House of Strength’ Before western influence, ancient Iranians participated in numerous sporting events, much like the Greeks and their Olympics. Iranians though prided themselves in a type of wrestling called â€Å"Koshti Pahlavani† or â€Å"Heroic Wrestling†, where they would do graceful but powerful moves to pin their opponents. In order to train for events such as this, they developed a place to go to gain the strength, power, and endurance necessary to master their event. This place was known as the â€Å"Zurkhaneh† or â€Å"House of Strength†.The Zurkhaneh was originally a place to train and get closer to God, through weight training, because strength was seen as something godly. The Zurkhaneh housed the one true Iranian way of weight training, â€Å"Varzesh-e-Pahlavni† or â€Å"The Workout of Heroes†. This workout was a 60-90 minute routine of different lifts and exercises all in alignment to the beat of drums and bell s. Now although there are many technical parts to the Zurkhaneh, like who leads it and different levels and rankings (much like those of Karate and Tae Kwon Do), I am going to focus specifically on the weight training aspect of the Varzesh.These exercises include the warm-ups, â€Å"Takhteh-Shena†, â€Å"Narmesh† (aka Calisthenics), â€Å"Meel† exercises, â€Å"Charkhidan†, â€Å"Pazadan†, â€Å"Kabbadeh Keshidan†, â€Å"Sang† exercises, and â€Å"Shelang-Takhteh†. Each part of the full exercise fully works different parts of the person’s body. In the 90 minute period, the people in the Zurkhaneh start by warming up. They do callisthenic exercises like jumping on one foot and slow walking to achieve a dynamic stretch. They use the dynamic stretch as a way to prepare for the rigorous exercise they have ahead of them. Right after this warm-up, the people start doing pushups with the â€Å"Takhteh-Shena†.The â€Å"T akhteh-Shena† is a wooden plank that elevates you a little bit so that you do incline push-ups instead of flat push-ups. There are a few types of push-ups that they do including a regular push-up with the hip raised, a push-up with the legs spread wide-apart, and push-ups with a twist. These push-ups deliver a good chest and bicep workout, testing endurance as well as flexibility. Once they finish these push-up exercises, they do another round of calisthenics to further stretch their muscles for what is ahead. The next exercise in the lineup is the â€Å"Meel Greiftan† or â€Å"Club Exercises.The â€Å"Meel† is a giant club weighing 10-30 kg (or 22-66 lbs) that is used in a few more exercises. This is the most physically demanding of the exercises because of the sheer weight of the clubs. This workout works power as well as strength, making it a great beginning to a workout. What the people do with these clubs first is put their hands around the handle and then twist the club around their shoulders in a continuous circular motion. This full motion gives an upper body workout, primarily to the triceps, and shoulders (with some bicep workout).Immediately succeeding this exercise is the exercise of juggling these clubs. The lifters throw the clubs in the air and juggle them. They do use smaller weights, and only a specific specialized group of them will do this activity. It is a break for them. The juggling does test hand-eye coordination but also uses biceps and triceps but isn’t as draining as the spinning of the clubs. Once this is completed they move on to the endurance part of their exercise. The â€Å"Charkhidan† is a rotating or spinning dance that they do in the Zurkhaneh. This dance is a constant spin that gets progressively faster.The person is supposed to reach their max speed before the end of the dance. This spinning increases their balance and agility. The more skillful spinners lose complete dizziness and can spin for a lengthy period of time. The time and speed are crucial in this exercise because if the person doesn’t go for a lengthy time and high speed, they won’t work endurance. Endurance is the main reason for this exercise. Following this dance is a set of footwork drills. These set as another break in the workout, with continuing movement being the main motivation. The footwork drills really are what we call warm-ups.They jump on one foot or two feet while moving their arms in different directions. This constant stretching helps the muscles tear and repair faster so that the person will not feel as much pain after the exercise. Now mind you, all of these exercises were meant to train warriors. The next few exercises were aimed towards ancient Persian warriors. The next part of the routine is the pulling of â€Å"Kabbadeh† or iron bow. This bow varies from 10-50kg (22-110 lbs) based on how many weights the bow has on the metallic chain. It is a very difficult exer cise and is only done by those who are masters at it.What you do with the bow is you put it at arm length away from your body, and you shake it violently in a 360 degree motion around your head. You do this until you cannot do it anymore. As you can see, this becomes extremely tiring, working the triceps, chest and shoulders heavily. This trains power and endurance because you are using high weights at a high velocity of shaking while doing it for a long period of time. This exercise is meant to be done in minutes not seconds. To also help balance, some athletes spin in a circle while shaking the bow. What I feel is the most demanding upper body exercises is one of the last ones.This is a unilateral push of shields or â€Å"sang†. These wooden shields are about 20kg a piece, totaling to a 90 lbs. press. Each arm extends with the shield in hand while doing what is widely known as a Russian twist. The athlete may not let the two shields touch and the shields may not touch the g round until they do the minimum of 50 double rotations. This is seen as a major disrespect to the gym. It is clear already that this exercise works endurance and not so much power because there are so many repetitions. The person (with their legs elevated 6 inches above ground) twists their body while simultaneously pushing the latter shield upwards.This unilateral push works out the chest and triceps while the elevated legs work the core. As you can see, this, along with other Iranian exercises stretches the body while simultaneously working the upper body. Another way of lifting them is straight up, just like a dumbbell unilateral bench press, but that is used more with the novices. Immediately following this is a round of â€Å"Koshti† or wrestling. The people in the Zurkhaneh are very tired and must use the rest of their body in the wrestling match, seeing as their upper body is completely worked.This leads into the final exercise. The last exercise, which is part of the warm down, is a walk that gradually increases to a run and finally to a sprint around the room. In no part of this training session do they do a static stretch. This shows how even in the ancient times, they knew that stretching and warming down with movement was beneficial to muscle repair. After the run, the athletes proceed to do jumping activities and sprints. The most enjoyable part of this exercise is at the end where the athletes get in a circle and massage each other down.They tend to focus on the upper body, seeing as most of the workout was aimed towards upper body performance. This massaging helps reduce muscle pain after the training session and in the morning. The training in these â€Å"Houses of Strength† show that there were ancient ways of weight training and that even without modern science, the ideals of strength and fitness remained the same. The Iranian heroic training stresses upper body lifting as well as the importance of core exercises. A heavy traini ng of balance, endurance, and the triceps is used because in wrestling and battle they are essential to victory.Overall this weight training technique is effective because of its effect on the toning and conditioning of humans and their muscles. The â€Å"Varzesh-e-Pahlavani† is a pioneer of modern weight training. Works Cited www. pahlavani. com/ www. zurkhaneh. com Koozehchian, Hashem & Izadi, Behzad, Zoorkhaneh: The Iranian Traditional Gymnasium Amirtash, Ali-Mohamad, Zoorkhaneh and Varzesh-E-Bastani, Video Reference http://resistancetraining. wordpress. com/2006/11/19/traditional-iranian-martial-arts-varzesh-e-pahlavani/

Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Essay Example

Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Essay Example Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Paper Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Paper 6-hexadecimal, Noah(s), 5% sebaceous chloride in hexane, glacial acetic acid, concentrated HOSES, cotton balls, acetic anhydride, CHICHI Procedure: For the synthesis of polystyrene, 10 ml styrene and 20 ml of 1 M Noah solution was placed in separators funnel and they were shaded for several times. Aqueous layer was discarded. The styrene layer was washed with water and dried with Cacao(s). The styrene was placed in 100 ml flask and 25 ml xylem and 7-8 drops of the t-butyl probationer was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The solution was cooled to room temperature. Half of the mixture was poured into a beaker with 100 ml methanol. The white precipitate was collected using suction filtration and dried. A small amount of remaining polystyrene solution was poured onto a watch glass to observe the film. For the synthesis of nylon 6, 10, 10 ml of a 5% was laced in a 50 ml beaker. One pellet Noah was added with swirling to dissolve. 10 ml of 5% sebaceous chloride in hexane was added carefully to the beaker. The interface (Nylon 6,1 0) was pulled out between organic and aqueous layer with a bent spatula. The layers were then stirred vigorously to obtain a ball of nylon and dried. For the synthesis of cellulose, 5 ml of glacial acetic acid, 1 drop of con. HOSES and 1 Goff cotton balls was added was added in a stopped conical flask maintained at 70-ICC water bath for 20 minutes. Acetic anhydride (5 ml) as then added to the re-stopper flask and was placed in water bath with occasionally stirring for 20 min. 15 drops water was added to the flask and the unstopped flask was placed in water bath for 5 min. 50 ml water was added to the solution. Cellulose triplicate was collected by suction filtration which was washed with water. 18 ml CHICHI and 2 ml methanol were mixed and heated to a boil. Cellulose triplicate was added to obtain saturated solution and the beaker was removed from heat. Some anhydrous Nassau was added. The solution was filtered onto a water glass producing a film from the surface. Result and Discussion: For part A (synthesis of polystyrene), two layers were observed when styrene and Noah(aqua) were added to a separators funnel for extraction. The upper layer was yellow and lower layer was colorless. Same result was observed when washing with water. During the reflux, solution was changed from pale yellow to colorless. After reflux, a big white precipitate was formed when methanol was added. The product was adhered on the surface of filter paper during suction filtration. From the watch glass, a colorless film of polystyrene was observed. For part B (synthesis of Nylon 6, 10), when sebaceous chloride was added to Noah in 1, 6-hexadecimal, two layers was generated with little gas. Little heat was also produced. The interface between organic layer and aqueous layer was milky. The nylon 6, 10 was white strands. For part C (synthesis of cellulose triplicate), after acetic anhydride was added to the mixture and warmed by water bath for 20 miss, the cotton balls were dissolved to orange-brown solution. The white precipitates were produced after 1 5 drops of water for hydrolysis were added. After adding about 50 ml of water, he white-grey cellulose triplicate precipitates were generated. After cellulose triplicate was added to the mixture of CHICHI and methanol, the solution changed from colorless to pale brown. After some anhydrous Nassau were added, the solution became like glue. The white film was produced from the surface when the solution was filtered. In part A (polystyrene), Noah was added to remove inhibitor from styrene in order to undergo radical mechanism. It is because in order to prevent the styrene from popularizing during storage, the chemical 4-tablecloths is added nice it is a radical inhibitor (also known as a good chain terminator). Some inhibitors may be polar which can be dissolved in Noah. Water was then added to remove excess Noah in the solution. Xylem was added as a solvent to dissolve polystyrene as both of them are organic. But the polystyrene cannot be dissolved in methanol so after that some methanol was added during experiment, the white polystyrene was precipitated out. The colorless clear film adhered on the filter paper appeared because popularization occurs causing the solution to thicken and the viscosity to increase. Synthesis of polystyrene: The formation of radical initiator: Overall: Styrene polystyrene t-butyl probationer acts as radical initiator because it contains -0-0- group which is very unstable and reactive. Polystyrene was formed a large molecules (styrene) composed of repeating structural units. Synthesis of Nylon 6, 10: The synthetic polymers are classified by their method of synthesis. The synthetic method of polystyrene is chain-growth whereas that of nylon is step-growth. When mixing Noah and sebaceous chloride, two layers were formed. During the axing, the heat was produced. The formation of heat is due to the formation of amide bond, which is exothermic. The nylon 6, 10 was formed in the interface which was milky. Because of the way polypeptides are formed, nylon would seem to be limited to unbranded, straight chains. The nylon 6,10 can form H-bond due to amide group so the textile is very tough. Cellulose triplicate, also known simply as triplicate, CAT and TACT, is manufactured from cellulose and a source of acetate esters, typically acetic anhydride. The triplicate is derived from cellulose which come from the starting trial, cotton balls in this experiment, via activation mechanism. The cellulose acetate is dissolved in a mixture of deceleration and methanol for spinning. Cellulose is mainly obtained from wood pulp and cotton. For the process of generation of cellulose triplicate, the glacial acetic acid and con. HOSES were used to provide acidic medium for the action of acetic anhydride. When adding acetic anhydride, the cotton balls were dissolved into brown glue solution. It is because activation occurred.

Useful Hacks for Improving Your Life

Useful Hacks for Improving Your Life How to Stay Alert and Energetic for The Rest of Your Life? To have a constant supply of energy and feel a rush of power is not nonsense, and not a miracle, but a real or even normal state for a person. Anyone can achieve anything if they manage to overcome laziness and push away the potential obstacles to its productivity. By the way, productivity directly depends on the energy reserve of a person. And productivity, as we know, is almost the most important for each of us, and thanks to it we learn, work, achieve goals and conquer peaks. The problem is that each new day we notice is an increase in inactivity and indifference among people. Well, if the growing egoism in people because of the development of technology can still be forgiven, then indifference to one's own health is already frightening and even pissing. People are stuck in the comfort zone and are ready to sit in one position for the rest of their days. And how can those people believe that a constant surge of wakefulness exists? In this article, we try to inform that you constantly saving and accumulating energy is possible when following several simple rules. If you want to boost your energy level, then the provided information is for you. I Want to Become More Energetic: What Have I Do? The first and most important question that you must ask yourself: what am I doing all day? Perhaps, at first it will be difficult for you to get an answer, but in the course of self-examination you will understand that very often your time is simply wasted on unnecessary things, and by itself, the energy is also exhausted. So, you can determine what kind of person you are. There is one very interesting typology, according to which there are a jelly-filled human and a human hacker. Let’s review them both and maybe you'll learn if you belong to any of these categories. 1. A jelly-fish human is someone who usually refuses any physical activity, though understands its value and benefit. Jelly-fish humans have little energy, are afraid of changes, unpredictable situations, and risks. This results in disorders, illnesses such as a heart disease, obesity, dementia, or depression. 2. A hacker is a person who is constantly improving his or her life by taking challenges, searching adventures and gaining vital experience. Hackers have a sufficient amount of energy and generally a better health condition. Analyze your lifestyle, the level of physical and mental activity, potential sources of stress, and determine which category you belong to. Be honest with yourself, because your health and life depend on it. Valuable Tips for Boosting Energy 1. Exercise. The most helpful tip here is to exercise every day. Despite boosting energy and improving metabolism, this will help raise your mood and increase productivity for the whole day ahead. If you practice exercising at least 30 minutes a day, you will soon become a healthier person. 2. Run. Running is one of the most beneficial physical activities. It helps with blood circulating, losing weight, and recovery of nerve cells. 3. Sleep a lot. Sleep is a condition in which the brain actively works, helping the body to restore strength and energy spent for the day. So, in order to be active and stay awake for long - sleep at least 7-8 hours a day. 4. Improve your posture. Watch your posture and constantly improve it to avoid problems with the spine and nervous system. Believe me, good posture is the way to perfect health. 5. Drink more water. Water is necessary for every living organism to support its vital functions. Drinking enough water means giving your body a clear energy to perform any tasks. 6. Stand while working. A sedentary lifestyle, as well as a sedentary posture at work, negatively affects your physical and mental health. Therefore, try to stand while you work or so some exercises. 7. Stop worrying. Each of us has lots of problems that make us worry or panic. If you continue worrying about anything, you will lose energy faster and want to sleep. Practice meditation and a positive thinking. 8. Use smart drugs and vitamins. The last ways to boost energy are the so-called â€Å"smart drugs† and vitamins. Such supplements like Aniracetam and Piracetam help enhance memory, working performance and activity, and vitamin B-12 are great for getting an immediate energy boost and improve cognitive functions.

Child Labour Result Of Globalization Research Paper

Child Labour Result Of Globalization - Research Paper Example Child labor leads to violation of natural right of human beings, is unethical, increases poverty, damages the image of a nation and organization and causes health issues for children. Child labor is promoted because of its short term benefits including, decrease in poverty, increase and increase in economic development. This paper will discuss the impact of globalization on child labor, the consequences associated with it and the arguments in the favor of child labor along with a conclusion. Globalization Promotes Child Labor Introduction International labor organization defines child labor as tasks that are denying children with the right to have a childhood and tasks that are not good for the mental and physical health of the children (International Labor Organization (a), 2013). Globalization leads to increase in exchange of goods, services and ideas between different countries (Ritzer, 2012). Cigno states that increase in globalization has resulted in heavy debate over whether gl obalization is increasing or decreasing the incidences of child labor (Cigno, 2002). Those in the favor of globalization believe that globalization leads to decrease in child labor. ... They state that if parents perceive that the return of education is lower than the return gained through their child’s labor, they tend to send their children for work. Globalization leads to increase in incidences of child labor and child labor should not be practiced because it deprives children from deciding what is good and bad for them, it promotes poverty and intervenes in the cognitive and physical development of children, children are made to work in hazardous conditions, child labor is unethical and destroys the image of the nation that is practicing it. Body Globalization as a Cause of Child Labor Globalization has been held responsible for increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. World Bank states that the per capita income throughout the world of developed nations was 120 times higher than the poor nations during 1990 and this gap increased by 2 times within a period of 9 years (Raghavan, 2002). Since globalization leads to increase in the level of inequal ity as well as poverty, it even results in increased usage of child labor. According to the Government of India, a huge portion of the work that was paid and conducted outside the households have shifted to work that is being conducted within the households. Due to this, several activities such as making of carpets, matches and glass are conducted within the household and heavy populations of children are involved in this work. According to Kailash Satyarthi as the profits obtained from the international market rises, the use of child labor even increases and this is why there has been a tremendous amount of increase in the number of children working in industries that are export oriented in

How are we best to describe the actions of a serial killer Essay

How are we best to describe the actions of a serial killer - Essay Example Criminologist Eric Hickey’s database research on the demographics of serial killing highlights that 88% are male and 85% Caucasian and average age of 28.5 (E, Hickey. 2006). In terms of victim selection, Hickey’s empirical research further demonstrates that 62% target strangers exclusively and another 22% kill at least one stranger (E, Hickey. 2006). Additionally, 71% of the killers operated in a specifically targeted location or area, rather operating in multiple locations. Moreover, Wilson further refers to the â€Å"cooling off period† and patterns of similarity in the method of killing (D, Wilson. 2001). Reference is made to serial killer Wayne Gacy who would gag victims with their own underwear in order that they would die in their own vomit (J. Silverman, D. Wilson, 2002). Notwithstanding criminological observations regarding parallel trends in serial killer behaviour, scientific findings regarding physiological causal factors remain inconclusive to describe the motivations behind the actions of a serial killer (Vronsky 2004). Indeed, the attempts of social science, biological and criminological theory to explain differences between male and female violence in context of serial killers further highlights the flawed attempt to propound a conclusive and all encompassing rationale to explain the actions of serial killers (Vronsky 2004).